Buleten Іnstitute zernovogo hozyajstva NAAN Ukrainy.-2011-40
Selection
Particularities of corn hybrids obtained on a mixture scheme | Annotation Particularities of corn hybrids obtained on a mixture scheme In the article the questions of seed-growing of single-cross hybrids of corn on a sterile basis under the mixture scheme are considered. It is determined, that at use of such scheme of seed-growing the simple hybrids F1 have the raised variability of some morphological and biological sings.
Keywords: corn, hybrid, seed-growing, sterility, fertility | PDF 11-14 |
The estimation of reciprocal effect in in vitro culture for maize genotypes of Lancaster germplasm | Annotation The estimation of reciprocal effect in in vitro culture for maize genotypes of Lancaster germplasm The dynamics of callusogenesis for maize inbreds belonging to Lancaster germplasm and their reciprocal hybrids is characterized. The reciprocal effect determined for traits “total frequency of callusogenesis” and “frequency of morphogenic callus formation”, retains constant for 60 days of cultivation. For high frequency of morphogenic callusogenesis inbred ДК420-1 is recommended to be used in hybrids as maternal component.
Keywords: maize, culture in vitro, reciprocal effect, callusogenesis, line | PDF 20-24 |
Induction of rhizogenesis of winter rye in the culture in vitro | Annotation Induction of rhizogenesis of winter rye in the culture in vitro The results of researches the conditions of optimization of rhizogenesis of clonal plantsof winter rye (SecalecerealeL.) in the culture in vitro are given in the article. The composition of modified nutrient medium and the influence of exogenic auxins on the rooting of plant material is done.
Keywords:winter rye, rhizogenesis, in vitro, microclonal propagation,auxins | PDF 152-154 |
Selective estimation of corn cultivars of food use | Annotation Selective estimation of corn cultivars of food use The results of studies of introduced varieties of different subspecies of maize are showed. Samples with high levels of productivity and its structure, some of which arrange the indicative collection of bursting, sugar and siliceous corn are identified. The use of these collections will enhance the efficiency of breeding work for reproduction a new line of corn material the use of different directions, expanding and enriching its gene pool.
Keywords:corn, cultivars, variety, gene pool, features, productivity, samples, collections | PDF 169-175 |
Seed production
Signs and indicators of seed quality of corn hybrids | Annotation Signs and indicators of seed quality of corn hybrids It is established that conditioning the seeds of maize hybrids can be distributed into separate groups, which in quality (germination) and productivity differ. For new methods for determining the quality of seeds, which more accurately and objectively characterize its sowing and yield properties were offered. Keywords:corn, germination capacity of seed, productivity of plants, methods of quality determination
| PDF 14-20 |
Particularities of corn seeds injury and methods of its prevention | Annotation Particularities of corn seeds injury and methods of its prevention It is established the content of shelled grains in maize cobs heap and determined the ways to reduce of their amount. Recommended methods, which reduce injuries and quantity of shelled grains, improve seed quality - harvesting cobs at optimum moisture content and processing them in a flow, mandatory removal of shelled grains, chemical preseeding treatment (stimulation).
Keywords: maize, harvesting and processing, cobs shelling, injuring and seed quality | PDF 60-63 |
Plant growing
Yield capacity and grain quality of new varieties of winter wheat depending on the harvesting time in conditions of northern Steppe of Ukraine | Annotation Yield capacity and grain quality of new varieties of winter wheat depending on the harvesting time in conditions of northern Steppe of Ukraine The obtained experimental results show that in order to obtain high-quality grain of new varieties of winter wheat after predecessor bare fallow, the duration of harvesting should not exceed 15 days after the onset of full ripeness. After 25 days over standing of winter wheat the harvest losses are 0,24–0,68 tons per ha, significantly reduces indicators of quality and class of grain. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties,harvesting time, yield, grain quality
| PDF 24-27 |
Formation of the prices of realization on grain in modern conditions of managing | Annotation Formation of the prices of realization on grain in modern conditions of managing In article the basic tendencies of development of grain production in a Steppe zone of Ukraine are stated, the place and a role of the standard analysis of industrial expenses in the decision of a problem of formation the prices for grain production is considered.
Keywords: grain crops, cost standards, the cost price, profit, formation of the prices, efficiency | PDF 27-32 |
Duration of autumn vegetation and yield capacity of winter wheat | Annotation Duration of autumn vegetation and yield capacity of winter wheat A long-term results of duration the period of winter wheat autumn vegetation in the northern Steppe of Ukraine is conducted. An interrelation within the duration of that period and yield capacity level of uneven plants of winter wheat is established. Defined the sowing time, at which provides the necessary conditions for formation the most significant yield of winter wheat. Keywords: winter wheat, duration of autumn vegetation, sowing time, yield capacity
| PDF 32-35 |
Productivity of one-species legume and cereal perennial grasses | Annotation Productivity of one-species legume and cereal perennial grasses This article contains results of researches on studying the productivity of perennial legumeandcerealgrasses in condition of nature’s moisture providing in northern Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that in zone of insufficient moisture providing, the productivity of one-species legume and cereal perennial grasses essentially depends on species of grasses and duration of using the grass sowings. The most productivity by the yield capacity and quality indicators of green fodder were one-species sowings of sainfoin. Keywords:alfalfa, sainfoin, bromegrass, wheatgrass, grass density, high, productivity of fodder
| PDF 36-39 |
Influence of agrotechnical measures and sowing dates at various weather conditions for soybean yield | Annotation Influence of agrotechnical measures and sowing dates at various weather conditions for soybean yield The optimum sowing dates for soybeans at a steady warming of the soil up to 8-100Сafter plowing, and 10-120Сafter chisel plowing on a background of soil rolling before planting are determined.
Key words: soybean, tillage, density, structure, yield capacity | PDF 40-45 |
Specific features of the formation of anatomical and morphological structure of spring barley stem under the influence of herbicide and biological preparations | Annotation Specific features of the formation of anatomical and morphological structure of spring barley stem under the influence of herbicide and biological preparations The article presents the results of the research the influence of various herbicides rates of Calibre 75 (30; 40; 50; 60 и 70 g per ha), applied separately or in the mixtures with biological preparations Agat-25K and Agrostimulin on the formation of anatomical and morphological structure of spring barley stem. It was found that the optimal structure of spring barley stems, in regard to their anatomical and morphological properties was formed when applied the composition of Calibre 75 at the rate of 40g per ha with Agat-75K and Agrostimulin.
Keywords: spring barley, anatomical and morphological structure, herbicide, biological prepa-rations | PDF 45-49 |
Influence of methods and terms of application the mineral fertilizers on the yield of soybean | Annotation Influence of methods and terms of application the mineral fertilizers on the yield of soybean In article results of researches on studying of influence of methods and terms of the application the mineral fertilizers on growth and development of plants and yield of soybean in the Kirovograd region are presented. It is set, that the application N20Р20К20 in a broadcasting manner promotesto the formation of higher productivity of soybean plants, the increasing their mass and yield of soybean. Keywords:soybean, mineral fertilizers, mass of plants, yieldcapacity | PDF 50-52 |
Interdependence of parameters morphological and biometrical signs at fodder hybrids sugar Sorghum | Annotation Interdependence of parameters morphological and biometrical signs at fodder hybrids sugar Sorghum The results of the preliminary test-varieties researches, spent at Genichesk’s experimental station are showed. The question of interde-pendence of parameters of various indications fodder hybrids sugar Sorghum is discussed. Explaining various character heterosis displays at fodder hybrids sugar Sorghum, authors state some assumptions concerning their genetic origin, confirming the thought with bright examples by dependence of those or other indications at hybrid plants. Keywords: sugar Sorghum, variety, hybrid, sign, heterosis display
| PDF 52-56 |
Formation of yield of the winter wheat at different growing technologies depending on seed rates | Annotation Formation of yield of the winter wheat at different growing technologies depending on seed rates The results of the study for years 2007–2010 to identify ways to increase grain productivity of winter wheat depending on the seed rates are showed. In an agriculture system of winter wheat growing on the basis of adaptive plant growing, the optimum seed rate at which intraspecific competition is eliminated and incomplete full use of the nutrition area.
Кеуwords:winter wheat, seed rate, field germination, productive density of stems, yield capacity | PDF 68-72 |
Fatty-acid content of common flax seeds in conditions of western region of Ukraine | Annotation Fatty-acid content of common flax seeds in conditions of western region of Ukraine The author provides the result of research which confirms considerable influence of climatic conditions on the content of oil and its fatty-acid content of common flax. It is noted that the increase of the linolenic acid concentration occurs at the expense of decrease of oleic and linolenic acids amounts. The author singles out separate sorts and perspective lines which are characterized by high measures of content of linolenic and oleic acids in different years of cultivation in the climatic conditions of the western regions of Ukraine.
Keywords: common flax, fatty-acid content, oil content | PDF 72-76 |
Productivity of chickling at different doses of mineral fertilizer application and seed inoculation | Annotation Productivity of chickling at different doses of mineral fertilizer application and seed inoculation The results of the research concerning the study of influence of different doses of mineral fertilizes (N20P45K45, P45K45) and seed inoculation by Rizogumin upon productivity are given. It is established that application of microbiological preparation can improve the grain yield of this crop on 0,15–0,21 tons per hectare. The most favorable conditions to chickling productivity formation are created with pre-sowing seed inoculation and application of mineral fertilizers in the doses of the active substanceN20Р45К45.
Keywords:chickling, seed inoculation, mineral fertilizers, productivity | PDF 77-81 |
Аgroeconomic efficiency of su-gar corn hybrids growing depending on plants standing density | Annotation Аgroeconomic efficiency of su-gar corn hybrids growing depending on plants standing density It is established the influence of crops density on biometric indicators. It is given the three-year results of productivity and economic efficiency indicators of hybrids growing of different groups of sugar corn ripeness – Spokusa, Surprise, Glamour and Kabanets’ SV. Keywords: sugar corn, variety, hybrid, ripeness group, height of plants, leaf area, yield capacity, cost price, operating costs, economic efficiency, profitability | PDF 85-87 |
Content of essential oil in сoriander seeds and its collection is depending on variety, spaces between rows and sowing rates in the conditions of central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. | Annotation Content of essential oil in сoriander seeds and its collection is depending on variety, spaces between rows and sowing rates in the conditions of central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The results of researches on studying the content of essential oil in the coriander seeds and its collection from one hectare are resulted. The dependence of content of essential oil on mass 1000 seeds is found out. It is established that the high level collection of essential oil from 1 ha provided at ordinary line sowing method with spaces between rows 15 sm comparatively to 30 and 45-sm spaces between rows at all sowing rates.
Keywords: coriander, varieties, width of spaces between rows, sowing rate, content and collection of essential oil | PDF 101-104 |
Realizing the potential productivity of modern varieties of spring barley in conditions of changing climate | Annotation Realizing the potential productivity of modern varieties of spring barley in conditions of changing climate Results of the analysis of existing varietal resources and state of grain production of spring barley in Ukrainedepending on the hydrothermal conditions are showed. The varieties with stable realization of genetic potential in conditions of significant fluctuations of daily air temperature range and moisture provision were identified.
Keywords: spring barley, yield, grain, variety, climate | PDF 114-119 |
Productivity and quality of cucumber of Feniks variety at application of organic-mineral fertilizers and biohumus | Annotation Productivity and quality of cucumber of Feniks variety at application of organic-mineral fertilizers and biohumus The influence of organic-mineral fertilizers and biohumus on crop and quality of cucumber of Feniks variety was studied. It is established that as a result of application the organic-mineral fertilizers and biohumus observes increase productivity and quality of grown production.
Keywords:yield capacity, quality, biohumus, cucumber, organic-mineral fertilizers, soil, earthworms | PDF 120-122 |
Influence of the fertilizing systems and microbal preparations on the productivity of soy with a different crop rotation | Annotation Influence of the fertilizing systems and microbal preparations on the productivity of soy with a different crop rotation The generalized results of researches of influence of weather terms are resulted on the feature of growth and development of soy depending on the fertilizing systems and increase of its in the structure of sowing areas in the northern Steppe of Ukraine. It is discovered that in a grain-rowcrop rotation at 40 % of soy saturation in comparison with the a grain-fallow-rowcrop rotation results in the decline of the productivity at organic-mineral fertilizing system on 20,8–4,3 %, and at 60 % of soy saturationin a crop rotation on all of the investigat systems – on 6,6–10,7 %.
Кеуwords:soybeans, productivity, crop rotation, fertilizer, microbial agents | PDF 133-138 |
Features of growing the winter grain crops of Prysyvashia | Annotation Features of growing the winter grain crops of Prysyvashia Accordingly to results of studies, at growing in Prysyvashia after fallow the winter crops such as wheat and barley should be preferred to grow winter wheat and sow it on October, 5 – at seeding rate 6 million germinating seeds per hectare. After non-fallowpredecessors, in order to receipt the forage grains advisable to sow winter barley – because it provides, compared with wheat, the highest grain yield. Seeding rate for winter barley after spring barley and sunflower should be 5 million germinating seeds per hectare, and term of sowing is from September, 25 till October, 5 respectively. When sowing both of culture on October, 15 significantly reduces their productivity compared with planting on October, 5. Keywords: winter wheat, winter barley, predecessor, sowing date, seeding rate, yieldcapacity | PDF 138-144 |
Leaf area and photosynthetic capacity of winter wheat plants depending on growing conditions | Annotation Leaf area and photosynthetic capacity of winter wheat plants depending on growing conditions This article contains the results of scientific research aimed at exploring thephotosyntheticactivity ofwinter wheat plantsin theSteppeof Ukraine. It is founded the relationship between thelevelof chemical fertilizers,leaf areaof plants, netproductivityof photosynthesis andphotosyntheticpotential of winter wheat aftervariouspredecessors.
Keywords: winter wheat, chemical fertilizers, predecessors, leaf area, photosynthetic activityof plants | PDF 144-147 |
Dynamics of accumulation and use of carbohydrates by the plants of winter triticale, depending on sowing time in the conditions of northern Steppe of Ukraine | Annotation Dynamics of accumulation and use of carbohydrates by the plants of winter triticale, depending on sowing time in the conditions of northern Steppe of Ukraine The results of studies on the influence of the sowing time and conditions of autumn growing season for winter triticale plant resistance to unfavourable winter conditions. Traced dependence of accumulation and expenditure of carbohydrates in leaves and tillering nodes shows that the crucial factor that characterizes the winter hardiness is the amount of carbohydrates stored in plants when they came out of hibernation. The experimental data show that the highest survival was recorded at sowing on September, 25.
Keywords: winter triticale, winter resistance, carbohydrates, survival of plants, sowing time | PDF 147-151 |
Condition of pigmentary complex in the winter wheat plant tissue at the joint application of antioxidants with fungicide | Annotation Condition of pigmentary complex in the winter wheat plant tissue at the joint application of antioxidants with fungicide It is shown, that application an antioxidant preparation of АОК-M jointly fungicide of benlat for preseeding incrustation of seeds increases the sum of chlorophylls a and b and the contents of carotenoids in leaves of winter wheat plants. Keywords: winter wheat, antioxidants, chlorophylls,carotenoids,fungicide,soil
| PDF 159-162 |
Formation the indicators of grain quality of winter wheat depending on the predecessors, planting dates and seeding rates in Prysyvashia | Annotation Formation the indicators of grain quality of winter wheat depending on the predecessors, planting dates and seeding rates in Prysyvashia The results of experimental studies testifies that when growing winter wheat in Prysyvashia the highest yield of grain (6,4 tons per hectare) was obtained on the fallow when sown on October, 5 with seeding rate of 6 million germinating seeds per hectare after the sunflower and spring barley – on September, 25 with the same seeding rate, 3,97 and 4,55 tons per hectare, respectively. The received grain was second-and third-class of quality, economic indicators for these variants were highest. Sowing in mid - October led to a decrease in net income and profitability as compared to the sowing on October, 5. Keywords: winter wheat, predecessor, sowing date, seeding rate, grain quality, yield capacity, economic efficiency
| PDF 175-179 |
Agriculture
Optimization of agrotechnological and economic aspects of use of the different systems of soil tillage at growing of grain maize in the Steppe | Annotation Optimization of agrotechnological and economic aspects of use of the different systems of soil tillage at growing of grain maize in the Steppe In article results of the economic analysis of field experiments on the study measures minimizing the soil tillage and ways of controlling the weed infestation of maize sowing are presented.The comparative characteristic of individual technological combinations under production costs, the cost price and profitability of production is conducted. Proved that the highest economic efficiency was provided by shallow tillage, use of base herbicide of Gerb and carrying out of the mechanized care of maize sowing. Keywords: soil tillage, herbicides, maize, productivity, efficiency, profitability, income
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Agro economical efficiency of different methods of the basic soil tillage under sunflower in Steppe | Annotation Agro economical efficiency of different methods of the basic soil tillage under sunflower in Steppe The influence of different methods of the basic soil tillage under sunflower is investigated at use of stable residue of the predecessor (winter wheat) on a water and nutritious regime of chernozem, a weed infestation or crops and productivity of oil crop. An expediency of application shallow subsurface tillage from the point of view of increase income and profitability of producing the seed are substantiated. Keywords: soil tillage, sunflower, stable residue, fertilizers, productivity, profit
| PDF 56-59 |
Medium-transforming of grassy plants in the conditions technoekosystems | Annotation Medium-transforming of grassy plants in the conditions technoekosystems It is experimentally proved, that in the places infringed by open-cast mining perennial leguminous grasses (alfalfa and sainfoin) possess increased medium-transforming ability. The special role belongs to root system of plants, which intensify the formation of soil fertility elements and increases the level of edaphotopes biological activity.
Кеуwords: technogenic landscape, edaphotop, recultivation, roots | PDF 64-68 |
Influence of basic soil tillage and mineral fertilizers on winter wheat yield in checking irrigation systems | Annotation Influence of basic soil tillage and mineral fertilizers on winter wheat yield in checking irrigation systems The article presents results of experiments on influence of mineral fertilizers and basic soil tillage on winter wheat yield in rice in checking irrigation systems in the South of Ukraine.
Keywords: winter wheat, crop rotation, soil density, yeild, economic efficiency, mineral fertilizers, tillage | PDF 81-85 |
Influence of preharvest density of standing of plants on the productivity of corn hybrids of different groups of ripeness | Annotation Influence of preharvest density of standing of plants on the productivity of corn hybrids of different groups of ripeness Influence of density of standing of plants in sowing on the productivity, quality and preharvest humidity of grain of corn hybrids of different ripening groups (Dnieprovski 187, 284, 337, 345, 473) was studied. The optimal indexes of density of standing of plants before harvesting, that provide the highest productivity of these hybrids, were set. Keywords: hybrids of corn, density of standing of plants, productivity, quality of grain, humidityof grain
| PDF 88-94 |
Influence of soil tillage methods on spring barley productivity formation | Annotation Influence of soil tillage methods on spring barley productivity formation Results researches is got on bare fallow a typical littlehumus difficult loamy, during 2007–2010 years testify about equivalence of basic soil tillage conducted by the plough of PLN-3-35 on a depth a 20–22 cm and shallow loosening of AGU-4 «Scorpio-2» on a depth 12–14 cm, after influence on basic biometrical parameters and level of the grain-growing productivity of spring barley. Difference in the productivity between these variants presents only 0,07 tons per ha. Economic evaluation of variants specifies on noticeable advantage of basic till soil of AGU-4 «Scorpio-2» on a depth 12–14 cm. Thus, comparatively with plowing or subsurface tillage, the prime price of 1 ton grain diminishes, accordingly on 2,0 and 3,7%, but level of profitability grows on 8,0 and 7,8%. Keywords:spring barley, methods of soil tillage, tillage tool, biometrical parameters, productivity, economic efficiency | PDF 97-101 |
Productivity of corn sugar, depending on sowing time and methods of controlling weeds in sowings | Annotation Productivity of corn sugar, depending on sowing time and methods of controlling weeds in sowings Preliminary results of studies on effectiveness of various methods of protection the corn sowings from weeds. The data of cobs yield when using the postemergence herbicides on a background of early and optimum sowing time.
Keywords: corn sugar, sowing time, herbicides, weeds, yield capacity | PDF 104-107 |
Formation of grain yield of maize hybrids, depending on the basic soil tillage and level of mineral nutrition | Annotation Formation of grain yield of maize hybrids, depending on the basic soil tillage and level of mineral nutrition The preliminary results of studies on the effect on method, depth of basic soil tillage, time of application and amounts of mineral fertilizers on the yield of maize hybrids of different maturity groups.
Key words: maize, tillage, fertilizer, grain yield | PDF 107-110 |
Productivity of maize hybrids of different maturity groups, depending on the plant density and the background of mineral nutrition | Annotation Productivity of maize hybrids of different maturity groups, depending on the plant density and the background of mineral nutrition Analyzed the results of research obtained in a three-year field experiment (2007–2009 years) On the development of elements of the variety of new hybrids of corn farming. Consider the effect on the productivity of maize hybrids of different maturity groups, plant density and level of mineral nutrition.
Keywords:maize, hybrid, density,mineral nutrition | PDF 110-113 |
Formation the morphological traits and productivity of different varieties of oat plants, depending on the biological and growth regulators in the northern Steppe of Ukraine | Annotation Formation the morphological traits and productivity of different varieties of oat plants, depending on the biological and growth regulators in the northern Steppe of Ukraine The influence of biological preparations and growth regulators of natural biosynthesis substances on the formation the morphological traits and structure elements of productivity of agrocoenosis of oats varieties in the northern Steppe area was studied. Stated the high technological effect of phosphoenterin and KL 9 and also emistim C and agat 25 K at inoculation of seeds and crop spray: yield gain was 0,27–0,33 and 0,35–0,45 metric tons per hectare respectively.
Keywords: oats, varieties, biological preparations, growth regulators, traits, technological effect, yield capacity | PDF 122-127 |
Productivity of winter barley depending on sowing date and level of mineral nutrition in the northern Steppe of Ukraine | Annotation Productivity of winter barley depending on sowing date and level of mineral nutrition in the northern Steppe of Ukraine The results of studying the influence of sowing date and at different levels of spring nitrogen fertilizing on the productivity of winter barley on stubble predecessor (spring barley). It is established that highest yield the winter barley forms at sowing from September, 25 till October, 5, on a background presowing application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60P60K30 kg per hectare of reactant in combination with the early-spring additional application – N30 reactant on frozen-melted soil and at the end of phase of bushing out N60 of kg per hectare of reactant. Кеуwords: winter barley, sowing date, mineral nutrition, nitrogen fertilization, plant productivity, yield capacity
| PDF 127-133 |
Agrocoenotical factors of distribution the perennial weeds | Annotation Agrocoenotical factors of distribution the perennial weeds Agrocoenotical factorsof distribution the perennial weeds on a background of high, medium and low level of soil fertility are discussed in the article. Keywords: perennial weeds, level ofsoil fertility
| PDF 154-159 |
Productivity of sunflower depending of biofertilizers | Annotation Productivity of sunflower depending of biofertilizers Established that the application of baikal EM-1 in a certain way enhances development of the soil microflora. As a result of stimulation of soil biota improves the development of plant, as a consequence - increases crop productivity. Keywords: sunflower, baikal EM-1, biofertilizers, microflora, rhizosphere, productivity, yield capacity
| PDF 162-165 |
Plant protection
Stability of varieties of soft winter wheat to yellow rust excitant in South of Ukraine | Annotation Stability of varieties of soft winter wheat to yellow rust excitant in South of Ukraine Results of studied of stability and susceptibility to yellow rust of soft winter wheat which growing in Ukraine are presented. Keywords:variety, pathogen, wheat, stability, susceptibility, race
| PDF 88-94 |
Yield capacity and quality of spring barley seeds depending on the level of chemical control of sowings | Annotation Yield capacity and quality of spring barley seeds depending on the level of chemical control of sowings Proved that the complete chemical protecting of sowings of a spring barley from weeds, pests and diseases provides the increase of output of standard seed – on 17,7–22,7 %. Among all complex of chemical protecting of spring barley the leading role in the improvement of sowing qualities of seed protecting is belong to weed control.
Keywords: pesticides, spring barley, output of seed, quality of grain | PDF 165-168 |