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UDC 632.51:932.954:633.15        https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0401

Grain Crops.2025. 9 (2). 381–386

Zadorozhnyi V. S., Chernelivska O. O. 

Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS, 16 Yunosti Ave., Vinnytsia, 21100, Ukraine

Topicality. In modern socio-economic conditions, one of the most important tasks of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is to increase and stabilize agricultural production. One of the factors affecting the yield is the loss of crop products from weeds, which is 35 %, and with severe weed infestation can exceed 50 %, and sometimes the crop perishes completely. Therefore, it is important to study and investigate the weed infestation of agrocenoses, which will allow developing a concept for managing processes, provide an understanding of the mechanisms and principles of effective action of herbicides, and help maintain and obtain high yields. Purpose. To study the features of the formation of segetal groups in grain maize agrocenoses and to establish the effectiveness of herbicides with different mechanisms of action. Materials and Methods. Field, laboratory, quantitative-weight, calculation-comparative, mathematical-statistical. Results. The species composition of weed plants in maize crops is quite diverse. Research has revealed a mixed type of weed infestation, a dicotyledonous-monocotyledonous class with an advantage of dicotyledonous species (68.9–87 %). Spraying maize crops in grain with a combination of herbicides Kideka, e.c. (1.15 l/ha) + Astral, o.d. (1.15 l/ha), Prima, s.e. (500 ml/ha) + Astral, o.d. (1.20 l/ha), Riflew.g. (45 g/ha) + Callistoe.c. (0.2 l/ha) provides control of dicotyledonous weed infestation at the level of 93.0–99.6 %, monocotyledonous weed infestation at the level of 96.9–99.3 %. A 15 % decrease in the herbicide rate from the recommended one and the addition of surfactants resulted in a slight decrease in the total number of weeds to the initial level (96.4–98.0 %). The use of a crop protection system against weeds ensures the preservation of the grain corn yield at the level of 3.69–4.00 t/ha (82–90 %). With a 15 % decrease in the recommended rate of herbicide application and the addition of surfactants, the preservation of the grain yield was 81–90 %. Conclusions. The use of a combination of herbicides with different mechanisms of action on grain maize crops ensures weed control at the level of 96.4–98.9 %, the grain maize yield is 8.11–8.48 t/ha, while maintaining 3.64–4.01 t/ha. A decrease in the herbicide rate from the recommended one and the addition of surfactants leads to a slight decrease in the effectiveness of agrocenosis protection, while there is a decrease in the harmful impact on the environment.

Key words: weeds, maize, yield, protection efficiency, herbicides.

UDC 632.91: 004.85: 633.11:631.15: 004.382.2: 631.17

 https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0402

Grain Crops. 2025. 9 (2). 387–392     

Sauliak N. I.^1*, Averianova Yu. А.², Ivanytskyi М. S.², Kirchuk Ye. І.¹, Rudenko V. А.³,Znakovska Ye. A.² 

¹Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute - National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation, 3 Ovidiopilska Road St., Odesa, 65036, Ukraine

²State University Kyiv Aviation Institute, 1 Lyubomyr Huzar Ave., Kyiv, 03058, Ukraine

³Odesa State Agricultural Experimental Station of Climate-Smart Agriculture Institute, NAAS of Ukraine, 24 Maiatska Road St., Khlibodarske, Odesa district, Odesa region, 67667, Ukraine

Topicality. The relevance of the research lies in the importance of early detection of the initial stages of leaf rust in wheat, one of the most widespread and harmful pathogens threatening agriculture in Ukraine and other countries. The first symptoms of disease appear 7–14 days before the farmer notices typical pustules of leaf rust, and already at this stage, the pathogen reduces the photosynthetic area by 20–40 %. Conventional detection methods are too slow — classic inspection of large areas requires too much time and is subjective, while satellite NDVI data collection only responds to severe damage. The development of a modular visualisation system prototype with over 68 % accuracy opens up new opportunities in automatic monitoring of wheat crops for detecting leaf rust, allowing farmers to respond quickly and prevent massive damage. This provides a decisive advantage of 10–14 days for early disease diagnosis, allows localised treatment, reduce the number of sprayings from 2–3 to 0.8–1.2 per season, reduce costs for fungicides by 35–60 % and additionally preserve 0.6–1.4 t/ha of yield. Given the wheat acreage in Ukraine of approximately 6.5 million hectares, the total economic effect is 4–9 billion UAH annually. Purpose. Detection of wheat leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia recondita (synonym Puccinia triticina), at the early stage of development, using machine learning technology to classify plant condition and make decisions on effective measures based on the generated recommendations. Methods. Field research, phytopathological assessment, comparison, model training, generalization, and mathematical statistics. Results. An algorithm aimed at detecting wheat plants infected by leaf rust was developed. The algorithm also provides UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) flight mapping to correlate field coordinates with the plant condition class. Real images of Triticum aestivum in a healthy state and infected by leaf rust were used as test datasets for automatic visual diagnosis of plant condition. Also, a modular visualisation system prototype for analysis of plant condition based on machine learning and preliminary classification according to physiological characteristics of plants was developed. Conclusions. We focus on the possibility of improving phytosanitary monitoring using UAVs in combination with machine learning technologies for the timely detection of areas with the initial development of leaf rust, which is a wheat pathogen widespread in many regions of the world and causes devastating epiphytotics.

Key words: wheat, leaf rust, harmfulness, smart agriculture, UAV, machine learning, algorithm.

UDC 595.70:633.34               https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0374

Grain Crops. 2025. 9 (1). 169–175.

Vorozhko, S. P., Necheporenko, L. P.  

Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS, 1 Shkilna St., Verkhniaсhka village, Uman district, Cherkasy region, 20022, Ukraine

Topicality. Insects, as well as other harmful organisms, are characterised by a certain cyclicality in their long-term population dynamics, as a depressed population is often followed by an increase in numbers or even an explosion of mass reproduction, and vice versa. The nature of such explosions has not been sufficiently studied, and they remain almost unpredictable. In this regard, identifying the species composition of soybean pests and establishing the characteristics of their development depending on weather conditions have determined the priority and relevance of this area of research. Purpose. Determination of the species composition of entomofauna and dominant pests in the ecosystem of soybean fields under modern cultivation technology in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted at the Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS. The material was soybean crops of the Pioneer variety. Methods: field and laboratory. Results. Thirty-three species of phytophages from 7 orders and 13 families and 1 species of spider mite were identified. The peculiarities of the formation of the entomocomplex at different stages of soybean development were established. Conclusions. In the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, thirty-three species of phytophagous insects from 7 orders, 13 families and 1 species of spider mite were found in soybean crops. The orders Hemiptera and Coleoptera were the most numerous, accounting for 43.4 % and 39.2 % of the overall harmful entomocomplex, while Diptera was the least numerous (0.1 %). We found that each species is adapted to a specific stage of crop organogenesis.

Key words:soybean, pests, entomofauna, agrocenosis, species composition

UDC 631.582:633.854.78           https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0375

Grain Crops. 2025. 9 (1). 176–183.

Kvasnitska, L., Vlasiuk, O., Voіtova, G.  

Khmelnytskyi State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Fodder and Agriculture Podillia NAAS, Samchiki, 1, p. Samchiki, Khmelnutskyi district, Khmelnutskyi region, 31182, Ukraine

Topicality. The most effective factor regulating the level of spread and harmfulness of diseases and contributing to the improvement of the phytosanitary condition of sunflower crops has been and remains scientifically justified crop rotation. The purpose of the research. To establish the impact the influence of predecessors and various sunflower crop rotations saturation on the spread and development of diseases in its crops in the zone of sufficient moisture of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. Materials and Мethods. The research was conducted from 2021 to 2023 at the Khmelnytsky State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of Podillia of the NAAS in a stationary field experiment on sunflower crops in five various rotary crop rotations, saturated with it by 14.3–50 %. The predecessors of sunflower in the experiment were grain corn, winter wheat, and oats. Research methods: field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. In sunflower crops, the lowest degree of disease damage was recorded with a crop rotation saturation of 14.3 %, after a return to the previous place after 6 years, and placement in the sequence 'winter wheat - oats - sunflower'. With a share of sunflower in the crop rotation of 50 %, this indicator was significantly higher than in other crop rotations. The development of sclerotinia was 49.2 %, rust – 57.0 % at 100 %; alternaria – 29.2 % at 90 %, fomopsis – 75 % at 37.5%; phomosis – 42.2 % at 86.6 %, verticillium – 51 % at 85 % spread. In addition to anthropogenic factors (alternation of cultures crop rotation and the degree of saturation with sunflower), the spread and development of diseases were also facilitated by natural factors - high temperatures and limited moisture availability (for verticillium wilt), warm and humid conditions during the growing season (for sclerotinia, rust, alternariasis, phomosis and phomopsis. An increase in the share of sunflower in the crop rotation reduced its yield by 2–12 %, and the level of profitability of cultivation – by 8–21%. Conclusions. A clear pattern has been established regarding the increase in the incidence of sunflower crops by diseases as its percentage in the crop rotation increases. With a decrease in the saturation of the crop rotation with sunflower from 50 % to 14.3 %, the incidence of plants by diseases significantly decreases, i.e. the phytosanitary condition of its crops improves. This increases the yield of sunflower by 11.7 % and the level of profitability of cultivation by 21 %.

Keywords: sunflower, crop rotation, degree of saturation with sunflower, spread and development of diseases

UDC 633.11:632.937:632.4       https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0298

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 358–364

Zaima O.A., Derhachov O.L. 

The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS, Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, 08853, Ukraine

Topicality. Biologicals based on living organisms or their products of life are used in crop protection systems to reduce the number and harmfulness of pests, which is quite relevant today and the importance of biomethod research will only grow. Purpose. Study of the influence of biological plant protection products on the yield and grain quality of soft winter wheat. Materials and methods. The Estafeta Mironovskaya and Vezha Mironovskaya varieties of winter wheat were used in the experiments. Sowing was carried out in early October with a seeding rate of 5.0 million seeds per 1 ha. The experimental plot area was 10 m², arrangement the plot was randomised, experiment was repeated four times, and the predecessor was soybean. Biologicals of plant protection against pathogens were studied: Mikosan V, SC (8.0 l/ha), Planriz BT, WS (2.0 l/ha), Trikhodermin, WS (3.0 l/ha), Fitocid-r, S (0.5 l/ha). The treatment was carried out in the stages of stem elongation, heading and flowering. Results. The technical efficiency of biologicals after three sprayings in the milk ripeness stage for the Estafeta Myronivska variety against powdery mildew was 25–59 %, septoria leaf spot – 32–38 %, brown rust – 81 %; for the Vezha Myronivska variety – 60–70 %, 11–22 % and 53–60 %, respectively. Mikosan V and Fitocid-r were more effective against diseases when applied during the three stages of winter wheat development. Spraying with biofungicides of plants of the Estafeta Myronivska variety increased the yield by 0.26–0.41 t/ha, and Vezha Myronivska – by 0.21–0.45 t/ha. The highest yield increase in Vezha Myronivska was provided by spraying with Mikosan V – 0.45 t/ha and Fitocid-r – 0.43 t/ha; Estafeta Myronivska – Mikosan V – 0.39 t/ha and Trykhodermin – 0.41 t/ha. The maximum yield level (5.51 t/ha) was obtained in the Estafeta Mironivska variety due to the application of Trykhodermin. The highest grain quality was provided by spraying with Fitocid-r and Mikosan V. Conclusions. Crop spraying with biological protection products in the three stages of winter wheat development (stem elongation, heading and flowering) is required to obtain a large grain yield with high quality indicators. Wheat cultivation with the application of biologicals (fungicides) provides the highest yield and grain quality in case of application of Mikosan V (8.0 l/ha) and Trykhodermin (3.0 l/ha).

Key words: variety, biologicals, crop treatment, technical efficiency, yield, grain quality indicators

UDC 633.1:631.526.32:631.524.86         https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0299

Grain Crops. 2023. 7 (2). 365–372

Murashko L. A.¹, Mukha T. I.¹, Gumeniuk O. V.¹, Suddenko Yu. V.¹, Novytska N. V.² 

¹The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine, 68 Tsentralna St., Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, 08853, Ukraine

²National University of LifeandEnvironmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony St., Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine

Topicality. The most radical, promising, environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to improve the integrated winter wheat protection system is breeding varieties resistant to pests and pathogens This approach allows us to minimise yield losses from pests and reduce energy consumption by 25–30 % without additional costs. Purpose. To study the resistance of winter wheat varieties of Myronivka selection to diseases using artificial infectious backgrounds of their causative agents. Methods. The research was conducted in 2016–2020 by artificial inoculation with pathogens in field infectious nurseries of the Plant Protection Department of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS in the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The assessment of the winter wheat resistance to pathogens was carried out in dynamics (the growth of the disease). The main assessment was considered to be during the period of maximum disease development: for powdery mildew, Septoria leaf spot in flowering stage of winter wheat, Fusarium head blight, brown rust in milky ripeness stage, head smut in milky-wax ripeness stage, Cercosporella foot rot in waxy ripeness stage. Results. On average, over the years of research, the varieties resistant to powdery mildew were: Myronivska zolotoverkha, Kalynova, Myronivska storichna, Hospodynia Myronivska, MIP Valensiia, MIP Vyshyvanka; to brown rust - Pamiati Remesla, Trudivnytsia Myronivska, MIP Kniazhna, Hratsia Myronivska, Vezha Myronivska; to Septoria disease - Dostatok, Madiarka, Mirkhad, Berehynia Myronivska, Horlytsia Myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska. Conclusions. Among the 86 varieties of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, Yasnohirka, Ekspromt, Dostatok, Madiarka, Berehynia Myronivska, Horlytsia Myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, MIP Valensiia, MIP Dniprianka, Vezha Myronivska and Etafeta Myronivska showed group resistance to the main pathogens.

Key words: winter wheat, variety, artificial infection background, head smut, Fusarium head blight, root rots, powdery mildew, brown rust, Septoria leaf spot, group resistance

UDC 632.951:633.358        https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0300

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 373–378

Vorozhko S. P. 

Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS, 1 Shkilna St., Verkhniaсhkavillage, Uman district, Cherkasy region, 20022, Ukraine

Topicality.The uncultivated large areas of arable land, deterioration of agricultural practices, ignoring crop rotation, and breach of regulations on the plant protection contribute to the active accumulation or irruption of pests, and as a result, significant yield losses. Pea weevil is the most harmful phytophage, which significantly damages pea seeds, reducing their weight, quality, marketability, etc. An important aspect of integrated crop protection is the application of pesticides, which ensure reducing the number of pests to an economically viable level. Therefore, the study of the effectiveness of modern insecticides against the pea weevil on pea crops remains relevant.Purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of insecticides against the pea weevil.Materials and Methods.The research was carried out at the Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS.The material for the study was peas of the Tsarevych variety.The following methods were used: field, laboratory and field, mathematical and statistical.Results.The population dynamics of the pea weevil was studied. The peculiarities of phytophage biology depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season have been revealed.It was found that toxication of pea plants is ineffective against pea weevil due to insufficient duration of protective effect. The feasibility and effectiveness of the modern insecticides for spraying pea plants were confirmed.Conclusions.Pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with Maxim XL 035 FS is ineffective against pea weevil due to insufficient duration of the protective effect. A single spraying the pea plants with Engeo 247 SС and Fosorhan Duo with consumption rates of 0.20 and 1.2 l/ha, respectively, in the stage of mass flowering allowed reducing the seed damage by an average of 10.3 % and preserving the yield within 0.39–0.48 t/ha compared to the control. Double spraying of the crop with insecticides in the stages of mass flowering and pod formation ensured the death of imago and larvae at the level of 95.6–97.5%.

Key words:peas, pea weevil, insecticides, effectiveness, yield

UDC 633. 11: 632. 9                                   https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0199 

Grain Crops. 2021. 5 (2). 383–389

Kuzmenko N. V., Avramenko S. V., Hlubokyi О. M.  

Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya.Yuriev of NAAS, 142 Moscow Avenue, Kharkiv, 61060, Ukraine

We are given research results of the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soft winter wheat seeds with combined chemical fungicides against root rot and its influence on grain yield in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

The research results shown that development degree of root rots as Helminthosporium (Bіpolarіs sorokіnіana Shoemaker) and Fusarіum (Fusarіum Lіnk.) in control variant without fertilizers and protection at the spring tillering stage was 10.1 % with a prevalence of 22.6 %. In meteorological and phytosanitary conditions of research years, the intensity of root rots development in the spring tillering stage was reduced with pre-sowing seed treatment from 3.9 (Vitavax 200 FF standard) to 0.1% (Lamardor Pro). The technical efficiency of the pesticides was for  Insure Perform - 69.7 %; Scenic - 77.4 %; Vincit Forte - 77.9 %; Lamardor 400 and Lamardor Pro - at the level of 78.3-78.8 %; Vitavax 200 FF standard - 50.0%, compared to the unfertilized control. In the grain dough stage, pesticides were ineffective.

Grain yield in unfertilized control was 6.64 t/ha, and in the fertilized control - 7.37 t/ha, which is 10 % more.

The combined action of fertilizers and pre-sowing seed treatment significantly increased grain yield gain - from 0.78 (Vitavax 200 FF) to 1.15 t/ha (Scenik), or by 11.7–17.3 %.

Seed dressing with Vincit Forte, Insure Perform, Lamardor 400, Lamardor Pro and Scenic resulted to obtain the relatively net profit of 795, 687, 763, 139 and 857 UAH/ha, respectively. Lamardor 400, Insure Perform and Vincit Forte provided the highest profitability of 119 %, 93 % and 78 %, respectively.

Keywords: soft winter wheat, root rots, systemic seed dresser, technical effectiveness, yield.

UDC 633.15:632.4 (251.1-17:477)                                                                       https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0170

Grain Crops. 2021. 5 (1). 111-115.

Pedash T. M., Sudak V. M., Gyrka T. V., Yavdoshchenko M. P.   

SE Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, 14, Volodymyr Vernadskyi St., Dnipro, 49009, Ukraine

The research results of the resistance determination of the maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) of different maturity groups to the affection by boil (Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Unger) and kernel (Sphacelotheca reiliana (Ruhn) Clint) smuts in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine were provided. During 2016–2018, the experiments were conducted in the fields of the State Enterprise “Experimental Farm “Dnipro” of the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. The assessment scale of maize hybrids resistance to smut was given. Over the years of research, 52 samples were analyzed.

It was found that the common boil smut was widely distributed in 2016, when the hybrids disease average was 2.7 %; only on plants of DN Burshtyn medium-ripe hybrid the infection was not detected. 2017 was unfavorable for the spread of the disease: only 23 % of maize hybrids of medium-ripe and medium-late ripening groups had smut tumor, the average disease degree was 0.4 %. In 2018, half of the studied samples showed no boil smut symptoms, the average degree of disease was 0.9 %, and DN Galateia middle-early hybrid had a maximum degree of disease – 6.7 %.

The analysis of the received data testifies that for years of researches there were most resistant to affection by boil smut such hybrids as: DB Lada, DN Rubin, Dniprovskyi 181 SV, DN Adzhamka, DN Burshtyn, DN Veles, DN Astra, DN Sarmat, DN Bulat, DN Palanok and DN Dnipro, and they belonged to different maturity groups. According to the hybrids resistance scale to boil smut, all studied samples were highly resistant and resistant. The tumor was the most often found on the ears, less often on the stems and other parts of the plant.

Regarding kernel smut, the survey results indicated a tendency to increase of the disease spread level in the Northern Steppe. In 2016 a 40 % of hybrid samples was affected by kernel smut with an average affection of 0.9 %; in 2017 these indicators were 71.0 and 3.7 %, and in 2018 – 86.0 and 5.9 %, respectively. Over the years of research, it was determined that the DN Astra middle-early hybrid is the most resistant to kernel smut compared to plants of DN Palanok, DN Vesta, DN Demetra, DN Bulat and Pochaivskyi 190 MV hybrids, which were affected annually. According to the hybrids resistance scale to kernel smut, it was found that in 2016 all samples were in the highly resistant group, and the disease degree did not exceed 10 %. In 2017, more than 10 % of plants of DN Adzhamka, DN Vesta, DN Hetera and DN Nazar hybrids were affected, so they were classified as resistant forms, other samples – as highly resistant. In 2018, only the DN Palanok hybrid was estimated as medium-resistant, 6 hybrids (DB Lada, Pochaiivskyi 190 MV, Nur, Korund, DN Galateia, DN Dnipro) belonged to the resistant group, the rest – to the highly resistant group. Regarding the affected hybrid plants, kernel smut was mainly detected on the ears and partly on the panicles (sometimes simultaneously).

It was found that 2016 was favorable for the maize hybrids affection by boil smut, and 2018 – by   kernel smut. It was found that the degree of plants affection by smut diseases did not depend on the maturity group of the hybrids. All tested samples are highly resistant and resistant to both types of smut.

Key words: hybrids, maize, affection, kernel smut, boil smut.

UDC 633.1; 632.9                                                             https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0171

Grain Crops. 2021. 5 (1). 116-121

Snizhok O. V., Yuvchyk N. O.

Institute of Agriculture of Western Polissia NAAS, Rivnenska st. Shubkiv village, Rivne district, Rivne region, 35325, Ukraine

              Based on the results of research conducted in Western Polissia, it was found that tillage is important for controlling the number of pests in winter rape crops, especially the number of weeds. It was found in the experiment variants without herbicide spraying of rape plants that the most weeds were on the background of surface tillage – 407.9 pcs/m², which is 1.8 times more than under the moldboard  plowing (228.1 pcs./m²). Thus, the technical efficiency of herbicides against the background of moldboard plowing was 93.7 %.

It is established that tillage has a lesser effect on the development and spread of diseases and pests, as the best results showed chemical protection. When spraying winter rape plants in the flower bud stage, the technical effectiveness of Borei insecticide (0.14 l/ha) against Pentatomids (Eurydema oleracea L., Eurydema ventralis Kol.),  Mirids (Lygus pratensis L.) and Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta vitata F., Phyllotreta nemorum L.) consisted 100 %, Pollen Beetles (Meligethes aeneus F.) – 95.1–95.9 %, Cabbage Seed Weevils (Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis Payk.)  –  92.5–94.6 %. The  technical  efficiency of  Mospilan  insectici-de (0.15 kg/ha) at the spraying of plants in the flowering stage against Pollen Beetles was equal  to   91.7– 95.7 %, Cabbage Seed Weevils – 92.4– 94.6 %.

According to the research results, it was found that the largest technical efficiency of Colossal Pro fungicide (0.5 l/ha) against Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicae) was revealed 14 days after fungicide spraying of winter rape plants and was 84–88 %.

Due to tillage, it was possible to obtain an yield increase of winter rapes in  the  range  of  0.09–0.22 t/ha. However, due to the implementation of an integrated system of crop protection on different backgrounds of tillage, seed yield increased by 0.64–0.85 t/ha. Depending on tillage and plant protection, the winter rape yield ranged from 2.20 to 3.27 t/ha.

Key words: tillage, species composition, weeds, diseases, pests, herbicides, fungicides, insec-ticides.