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UDC 633.15:631.52

Grain Crops. 2020. 4 (1). 5–11.

Cherchel V. Yu., Kuprichenkova T. G., Kuprichenkov D. S. .  

SE Institute Grain Crops of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, 14,Volodymyra Vernadskyi Str.,

Dnipro, 49027, Ukraine

Popcorn (Zea mays var. everta Sturt.) has certain biological features that set it apart from other subspecies. The plants of popcorn form a large number of corncobs and many lateral shoots of different heights. They have a less developed root system than dent corn, so they are more often to lie down and have less drought resistance.

The cobs of popcorn are smaller in size and have small grain. Grains are very hard, glassy, almost completely filled with horny endosperm. Popping expansion volume is the most important quality trait in popcorn and the one that distinguishes it from all other types of maize.

The purpose of the research was to study the popcorn’s lines on a complex of valuable traits. The starting material for the research was sixty one lines of popcorn created in the laboratory of the selection of corn for eating. Experiments were carried out at Synelnikovska breeding and research station of the SE Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine during 2016–2018 years.

As a result of the research it was found that a considerable part of the lines of working collection have FAO 200–390 and are suitable for mechanized cultivation. The analysis of the structure of the cob showed that most lines of popcorn have the following parameters: the cob is medium in length (11 – 14 cm), thin in diameter (2–3 cm), with the number of rows of grains from 10 to 16, grains in a row from 26 to 35 and weighing 1000 seeds from 100 g to 200 g.

It was found that, under more extreme growing conditions, average, minimum and maximum values on all traits decreased. Strong variation was observed on the characteristics of "attachment height of cob", "cob length", "number of grains in a row", average – "plant height", "diameter of cob", "number of rows of grains" and strong and medium – "weight of 1000 seeds".

Consequently, the high and average values of the coefficients of variation make it possible to select the best lines for breeding hybrid of popcorn.

Key words: selection, popcorn, line, breeding traits, variation parameters, source material.

UDC 633.13:631.52

Grain Crops. 2020. 4 (1). 12–19.

Marukhnyak A. Ya., Bilovus H. Ya., Pushchak V. I. . 

Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAAS, 5, Hrushevskogo Str., Obroshyne vilege, Pustomyty distric, Lviv region, 81115, Ukraine

The research was conducted in the years 2017–2019 on the fields of the grain and forage crops breeding laboratory at the conditions of breeding and seed crop rotation of the Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAAS. The subject of research was 10 spring barley breeding lines and standard varieties Komandor and Orvel.

The purpose of our work was the realization of complex evaluation of the barley genotypes for productivity, resistance to pathogens, and adaptive features. The highest yields were achieved by the Orvel variety (4,17 t/ha) and the breeding line 740-231 (4,11 t/ha). Two more lines 742-221 and 699-2-18 showed slightly higher productivity than the standard, but the increases of yields grain were mathematically unreliable. The variability of yield indexes was insignificant (R = 0,78 t/ha, V = 5,92%).  According to the regression coefficient, the highest plasticity for yield was distinguished the breeding lines 740-231, 700-3-17, 702-1-12, 409-1-4 and 699-2-18, but only the latter had high stability. The highest homeostaticity was found in 703-111 – 152,36, and the varieties Komandor, Orvel and lines 742-221, 762-2-11 and 703-111 were assigned to the category with high breeding value (30,66–37,26). Agronomic and phenotypic stability coefficients  are used to determine the range of trait  stability. According to these coefficients,  the line 703-111 (As = 97,58; SF = 1.05) and varieties Komandor (As = 95,83; SF = 1,09) and Orvel (As = 95, 44; SF = 1,10) were marked withthe more stability of trait “yield“.

              The immunologic appraisals were conducted with the conversion of infection degree by disease in proofs of removal from average meaning (resistance indexes) to all studied variety-samples for determination of the genotypes spring barley resistance to agents of powdery mildew, meshy spots, dwarf rust and loose smut. The integral reaction on harmful organisms (index of complex resistance) can be evaluated through the determination of an average of the resistance indexes to agents of barley diseases. For evaluation of the resistance to diseases, the lines 545-5-9, 702-1-12, 742-221 and  Orvel variety showed the less infectivity by the powdery mildew;  lines 702-1-12 and 703-111– by the net blotch; lines 740-231 and 545-5-9 – by the dwarf rust; lines 702-1-12 and 740-231 – by the loose smut. The resistance of barley genotypes to pathogens relative to the adaptive norm, as well as their level of genetic protection was evaluated for the complex resistance index. The genotypes 702-1-12, 740-231, Orvel and 545-5-9 have the highest proofs of the complex resistance index to the agents of four diseases.

Key words: spring barley, breeding line, yield, appraisal, resistance.

UDC 631.527: 631.1: 633.1123.9

Grain Crops. 2020. 4  (1). 20–27.

Levchenko O. S., Starуchenko V. M. 

NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”, 2-B, Mashynobudivnykiv str., v. Chabany, Kyiv-Sviatoshynskiy district, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine

The results of  the evaluation of collection samples  of  winter triticale  (Ч  Triticosecale)  by  the elements of the structure of grain productivity are presented. A genetic diversity of the collection according to the parameters of productivity traits was astablished. The smallest variability of collection samples was found with the grain mass per plant (V – 8.6%, lim – 2.5–3.5 g), the weight of 1000 grains (V – 8.8%, lim – 37.1–52, 8 g) and the height of the plants (V – 9.8%, lim – 96–149 cm), the average – the number of grains per plant (V – 10.6%, lim – 55.5–72.3 pcs.), productive bushiness (V – 15.3%, lim – 1.3–2.3 pieces)  and the number of grains per ear (V – 19.9%, lim – 27.8–59.3 pieces), strong – by weight of grain per ear (V – 20.4%, lim – 1.1–2.5 g). A strong positive correlation was established between grain productivity and grain weight per ear (r = 0.78) and medium strength – with the number of grains per plant and ear (r – 0.47 and 0.63, respectively). There is practically no correlation between the grain productivity and the mass of 1000 grains and the height of the plants. A negative correlation of  medium strength  (r = -0.43)  was  establish-hed between the mass of grain per plant and the number of productive stems. Using the method of regression analysis, we determined the direction and magnitude of changes in grain productivity  in the  collection samples of winter triticale when alternating the parameters of the attributes of the elements of its structure.

Key words: winter triticale, collection samples, elements of the structure of grain productivity, variability and correlation of traits.

UDC 634.836.5(477):581.167

Grain Crops. 2020. 4 (1). 28–37.

Kovalova I. A., Skrypnyk V. V., Vlasov V.V., Muliukina N. A., Gerus L. V., Fedorenko M. G., Salii O. V. 

National Scientific Center  «Tairov Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-Making» NAAS,  27, 40 let Pobeda str., Tairovo, Odessa, 65496, Ukraine

Traits collection of donor varieties (valuable economic traits donors), in particular seedlessness trait, has been created. An analysis some of the registered varieties on the resistance scaile to fungal diseases showed a tendency to increasing the adaptability of new generation varieties.

 According to the degree of  seed rudiments development, an assessment of 36 grape varieties ori-ginated from 12 countries was made, the first category seedlessness varieties were identified, which in the future can be used as parent components in crosses.

Screening data analysis  of the registered grape varieties resistance to fungal diseases was presented, and the tendency to increase of  resistant varieties number in State Register of plant varieties for dissemi-nation in Ukraine compared to the last decades of the last century. Genotypes with high productivity and ecological plasticity were presented, which are suitable for the formation of a new adaptive variety structure that provides stable yield annually, combined with exclusive taste and aroma of wine made from new wine varieties and high-quality table grape along with a considerable decrease of a number of pesticide treatments. This fact along with high resistance to biotic and abiotic factors makes such genotypes potential donors of valuable traits for new breeding programs.

Aromatic profiles of wines from new wine varieties and selections grades and forms of grapes were compiled, the exclusivity of their taste and aroma complex was confirmed. Promising table varieties were distinguished by the traits  of the bunch and berry size and the marketability of the bunches.

By the SSR analysis the origin of varieties was confirmad, which is especially important for varieties obtained using a pollen mixture.

Key words: SSR-analysis, genotype, resistance seedlessness, variety, organoleptic profile, marketa-bility, large berry and bunch size.

UDC 631.527.633.14                                                                                      

Mazur Z. O.^1,2, Nikolayka V. P.¹ Grain Crops, 2019, 3 (2). 217–225.

¹Uman national university pedagogical named after Pavel Tychyna, ul. Garden, 2, Uman, Cherkasy region,

 20300, Ukraine

2Verkhnyatskaya experimental-breeding station Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS, 14,  Peace Str.,

uts. Verkhnyachka, Khrystynivsky district, Cherkasy region, 20022, Ukraine

The rapid introduction to breeding of modern methods of biotechnology and genetic engineering does not exclude the traditional approaches of creation of high-performance hybrids. But achieving the maximum performance of heterosis hybrids is hindered by a number of factors, among which the lack of homogeneity of the components of cross-breeding for alternative genes controlling the major economic-valuable traits.

Rye (Secale L.) has no absolute self-fertility, but self-fertility is 1–2% when isolating some spikelets. Studies have shown that self-fertility in rye is a recessive sign. Through selection, we can achieve its manifestation and consolidate it in following generations. If the initial variety had only 1.3–3.5% of the spikelets in which the seeds were tied in isolation, then after three generations of inbreeding, they were already 77.36%.

Recent years' research has made it possible to formulate a new approach to the creation of raw material for hybrid rye breeding. It is based on the method of inbreeding, when the mechanism of action of genes of self-incompatibility with genes of self-fertility is blocked in advance. Thus, self-incompatibility is completely replaced by self-fertility genes.

 Determine the variation of the trait: plant height and self-fertile variety of winter rye varieties of different origins to create heterozygous hybrids from homozygous self-fertile lines.

The conducted researches with selection hybrid material of winter rye (Secale cereale) showed a sharp decrease in the height of plants in all inbred lines (I₁– I₃). A small difference in the third generation by the mean value of plant height indicates that inbound inbred lines have come inbound minimum.

The average level of self-fertility in most of the studied populations was quite low and ranged from 27,2 to 55,0 %.

In seven sorts of specimens, high mean values of self-fertility were obtained, which ranged from 69,3 to 93,0 %, which indicates that genotypes of these sorts of specimens involved lines with the genes of self-fertility and on their basis were created highly self-fertile hybrid combinations.

In addition, the influence of modified growing conditions on planting of seeds with self-pollination and sorts of specimens with the same genotypes, which in different years of the study belong to different classes of self-fertility Kharkiv 98 / Pallada (І₂–95%  to І₃–63 %),  Cluh / Primitive (І₂–89,0 % to І₃–69,3 %), Hamarka / (Kharkiv 95 / Pallada) (І₂  –75% to І₃  –52%).

Plants with low self-fertility (3,5–35,0%) give in the offspring weakly self-fertile or completely self-sterile plants.

The obtained data are the basis for the continuation of breeding work on the creation of self-fertile lines of winter rye at Verkhnyatsky experimental and breeding stations.

Key words: rye on winter, plant height, self-ferment lines, self-sterility, grazing, lines.

UDC 633.111.1                                                                       https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0053

Diordiieva  I. P., Riabovol  Ia. S., Riabovol  L. O.    Grain Crops, 2019, 3 (1). 7–12. 

Uman national university of horticulture, 1 Institytska str., Uman, Cherkassy region, 20300, Ukraine

In the article it is shown the results of research in the direction of creation of new high-productive forms of soft winter wheat with the use in breeding process of spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.). Research was started in 2010 under leading of doctor of biological sciences F. M. Parii. New variety was created in the result of crossing of varieties of soft winter wheat Kopylivchnka and Kryzhynka with the sample of spelt wheat from foothills of the Carpathians with next hybridization of obtained hybrids with each other and with the use of multiply individual selections. In the results of crossing were obtained 12 hybrid populations with wide genetic basic. Hybrid progenies F_2–5 analyzed for the manifestation of morphological and agronomic traits which allows to select four best samples. After analysis and testing on the productivity of the ear, grains quality and resistance to lodging, two breeding samples with high qualitative characteristics were selected, which continued to be analyzed in a competitive testing. Thus it was selected an awn line of soft winter wheat 1809. This sample was analyzed in a competitive testing during 2013–2015 in the experimental plot of Uman national university of horticulture. In the research was used systematic method of sites placement with accounting area 10 m² and plant density 400 thousand pcs/ha. All records and observations were conducted in accordance with the «Methodology of the State Scientific and Technical Expertise of Plant Varieties». After all accounting and measurements, the grain was threshed out of the ear and deter-mined the yielding capacity. The reliability of the research and the significance of the differences between the indicators of productivity in experimental studies were evaluated based on the results of the variance analysis of mathematical statistics and the use of the MS Excel application. During the period of control testing in the experimental plot of Uman national university of horticulture sample 1809 was characterized by high productive (6,38 t/ha), high gluten content (36,1 %) and complex resistance to unsuitable environment factors, in particular, ash, brown rust and powdery mildew. The positive feature of the sample 1809 is the high resistance to lodging, which is associated with low stem (80 cm) and the presence of strong, coarse straw. Sample characterized by high mass of 1000 grains (46,8 g) and grain unit (690 g/l). Sample 1809 in 2015 was transferred to the State scientific and technic expertise with the name Artaplot. Testing of new variety conducted during 2015–2018 in17 State centers of expertise of plant varieties in different regions of Ukraine. During the State scientific and technic expertise (2015–2018) the average yield of the variety Artaplot in the Polissya and Forest-steppe regions varied from 61,5 to 61,9 t/ha, which exceeded the average yield for the Polissya region on 0,53 t/ha but it was inferior on 0,23 t/ha to the average indicators in the Forest-Steppe zone. It was fixed high resistance of plants of variety Artaplot against unsuitable environment factors (deceases, lodging, drought, frost e. g.) in both zones of growing with not significant variation on percent of affected plants. Depending on the growing zone, differences in the weight of 1000 grains were recorded: in the Forest-steppe this indicator was 43,3 g, while in Polissya zone it was 46,0 g. The content of protein in the grain of the variety Artaplot varied within the range 14,3–14,8 %. Accordingly to the results of State Scientific and technic expertise variety Artaplot listed to State register of plant varieties suitable to dissemination in Ukraine in 2019 and recommended for growing in the zone Polissya. Created variety belongs to medium-ripening group of plants with duration of vegetation period 285–290 days. It differs by leveling stems and uniform ripening. The variety has winter type of development. Bush – erect, plants without wax plaque. Ear – prismatic, long (14,0 cm), with medium density, in the phase of full ripeness has red color and long awns. Grain – egg-shaped, large, has light brown color. Variety has good level of winter- and drought- resistance, tolerance to deceases, resistant to aspiration and germination of grain in the ear.

Key words: soft wheat, spelt wheat, hybridization, selection, control testing.

UDК 633.36/.37:631.527         https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0054

 Klisha A.I.¹, Kandaurova K.F.¹, Kulinich O.O.¹, Kobos I.O.²   Grain Crops, 2019, 3 (1). 13–17.

¹SEinstitute of graincropsof nationalacademy of agrarian sciences, 14VolodymyraVernadskyi Str., Dnipro, 49027, ukrainе

²State Enterprise «Experimental Farm «Krasnogradske», Doslidnevillage, Scientific Str., Krasnogradskiydistrict, Kharkivskaregion, 63308, ukrainе

UDC 633.13: 52                  https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0055

Nechеporenko L. P.¹, Orlov S. D.²   Grain Crops, 2019, 3 (1). 18–25.

¹Verkhniachka Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS,

1 Shkolnaya Str., pgt Verkhniachka, Hrystynovsryi villege, Cherkaskyi region, 20022, Ukraine

²Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS, 25 Klinichna Str., Kyiv, 03010, Ukraine

In the research, the collected oat samples, varieties, and lines of various eco-geographical origin were used. In the process of creating new breeding genotypes of spring chaffy and hulless oat with the aid of hybridization, castration was carried out according to the Shishlows method and 7792 flowers were pollinated, 1119 hybrid grains from 159 combinations were obtained. In the hybrid nursery garden, stable by agronomic and economic value progeny was selected (420 grains). Against the provocative background, the number of forms resistant to crown rust is 2016 was 31, and in 2018, the number was 20. Resulted from research 67 variety samples were selected from the infectious background. Of them, 31 resistant, 33 weak-susceptible and 29 susceptible to nigra loose smut.

Highly productive breeding genotypes (418-5, 475-12, 486-11, and others) of oat that exceed the standard variety Zakat by 0.3−0.5 t/ha and SkarbUkrainy by 0.9−1.2 t/ha were selected in the competition test. The selected lines are resistant to lodging and fungal diseases (7−9 points). According to the results of field research and qualification examination, the Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine was completed with ‘Dioskurii’ spring hulless variety in 2017 and spring chaffy ‘Denka’ in 2018 have been introduced.

           Keywords: oat; varieties; samples; cross; selection, variety examination.

UDC 581.192:633.15        https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0056       

  Psiolova A.O.      Grain Crops, 2019, 3 (1). 26–30.

SEinstitute of grain cropsof national academy of agrarian sciences, 14 Volodymyr Vernadskyi  Str., Dnipro, 49027,ukrainе

It is topical to develop the sweet corn with the red-colored grain, high content of antioxidants and of vitamin P.

Anthocyanins change the hue and intensity of coloration in media with different pH values, at different temperatures, etc. Therefore, it is very important that the attractive red color does not change during the heat treatment process of sweet corn cobs.

The purpose of the study is to investigate how the color of sweet corn grains varies depending on the heat cooking.The studies were conducted at the State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of the NAAS in the Laboratory of Biotechnology. The experimental material were the cobs of maize of the F₄ population (CE401xChornosteblova).

For research, the cobs with the red-colored grain on a kernel milk stage were used, on the 21–23-rd day after self-pollination. Three ways of heat treatment of cobs were considered: 1) boiling in plain water; 2) boiling in ordinary acidified water; 3) baking in husks.The grain in the control version (without heat tre-atment) was characterized by intense red color and dense structure. The cobs in the control version were the most attractive  (5 points). The grain tasted sweet and its structure was tender and succulent, but due to the lack of heat treatment, the grain's taste was 4 points.  When boiled in plain non-acidified water, the grain lost its color and became a greenish-gray. Its condition was estimated at 1 point. A considerable amount of anthocyanins contained in the grain were washed out with water during cooking and the water became intense greenish-gray. During cooking of cobs  in acidified water, the grain lost its color only partially because the pigments are more stable in acidic environment than in neutral. The color of the cobs was rated 4 points. This is due to the fact that some of the pigments from the grain are washed out with water and the latter turns reddish-pink. The taste qualities of the cobs in this version corresponded to 3 points: the grain was sweet, but with a tangy taste of acid and denser than in the previous version.

After baking the sweet corn cob in the oven at 180 ˚С the grain color was the best, compared to other variants of culinary processing we studied. Its score was 5 points and it remained unchanged. This is probably due to the fact that anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments that are washed out by water during cooking, as a result – the grain is discolored. When baking, contact with water is absent and the color of pigments does not change. The taste qualities of the grain in this version corresponded to a score of 5/5: grain was sweet, non-acidic, the grain structure was slightly denser than that of cobs boiled in plain water.

Depending on the method of heat treatment, the grain of sweet corn of genotype F₄ (CE401xChornosteblova) changed color and structure. The best results were obtained when baking the cobs in the oven at 180 ˚C, the structure and red color of the grain remained almost unchanged.When boiling cobs in the plain water, the color of the grain deteriorated and in the water acidified with 9% vinegar, although it was slightly better, however, the intensity of color decreased and the grain became more brittle.

            Key words: Zea mays L., sweet corn, grain, anthocyanins, color, heat treatment.