Buleten Іnstitute zernovogo hozyajstva NAAN Ukrainy.-2011-№39

The yield of corn sister hybrids plasma Raid and its parental lines are studied, detected a hypothetical heterosis of crosses. It is established that the level of manifestation of a hypothetical heterosis is not always reflects the actual genetic distances of related lines.

Keywords: maize, hybrid sister, related lines, hypothetical heterosis, plasma Raid.  

   The article reviews the results and main directions of selection the legume crops in the Institute of Grain Farming and its breeding and experimental stations. Given the economic characteristics of the main varieties of registered legume cultures, as well as the ways of their origin.

Keywords: legume crops, peas, sweet peas, phaseolus, chickpeas, soybeans, lentils, vetch, variety, hybridization, selection. 

 In the article pointed results of analysis the created by Trans-Carpathianinstitute of APP the plant-breeding material on economic valuable signs and the ways of selection components crossing and charts selection creation of corn heterosis hybrids early and middling early term of ripening.

Keywords: corn, economic valuable signs, resistance, source material  

  Highlighted the results of study the efficiency of cultivation the different types of basil in the conditions of Transcarpathia and creating original material for further election work. The results of productivity the different types of basil and content of essential oil and other biologically active substances that are part of spice-aromatic  plants.  

 Keywords: basil, population, quality, selection, productivity, essential oil  

A reference about the collection of bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis) in PIAIP im. N. I. Vavilov  is given in the article. The results of biennial study of collection examples using morphological and economic-valuable signs are assigned. Perspective samples which can serve as source material in the selection of bromegrass were identified.

 Keywords:bromegrass, productivity, plant height, duration of growing season, regrowth rate, resistance to lodging  

 Monogenous dominant control of resistance to the nigra loose and covered species of smuts is revealed. The part of recombinations in F₂ dihybridous analytic cross was observed in the limits of 5,0–8,7. Conclusion about incomplete linkage of these genes is made.

Keywords: winter barley, breeding, smut, genes of resistance, linked inheritance, group resistance  

    The results of the study of frost resistance of hybrid populations and lines derived from crosses of spring wheat samples of different ecological and geographical origin with local varieties of soft winter wheat. The influence of winter and spring mating component on the nature of inheritance of resistance to low temperatures winter-spring hybrids and the effectiveness of different schemes of crossover in terms of frost resistance of populations and constant lines of winter type.

Keywords:wheat, variety, hybrid, lines, frost resistance  

  Mutational variability of biometric and economically valuable parameters of spring false flax in М₃-generation of EMS-processing was studied. The type of changes of parameters that depend of genotype and concentration of mutagen was analyzed.

Keywords: spring false flax, mutagenesis, biometric parameters, economically valuable characters  

 The results of scientific researches, technological methods of growing and increase yield of winter wheat in the steppe of Ukraine are given. The influence of predecessors (pea and sunflower), chemical fertilizers on the soil moisture content and productivity of winter wheatis established.

Keywords: winter wheat,predecessors, mineral fertilizers, the reserves of productive moisture in the soil, yield  

  In the article directions and job results are lighted up on the selection of corn in the conditions of irrigation of south Ukraine. Perspective of the use is reasonable in crossing for creation of new high-yield hybrids of corn of lines, contrasting on the groups of ripeness and genetic origin. Results of study the new lines on the indexes of combination abilityare given.

Keywords: corn, hybrid, line, combination ability, stability, productivity, self-pollination 

   The drought- and heat resistance of 10 domestic and foreign breeding cherry varieties was estimated with taking into consideration the change of water-physical and electro-physiological properties of leaves and shoots.

Keywords:cherry, variety, adaptability, drought, heat, electric conductibility  

 In the article given diagrams of aphid population dynamics, precipitations, temperatures, and shows a precise dependence of flying the aphids on the weather conditions during the 2006–2009 years in  southern Ukraine.

Keywords:bird-cherry aphid, big grain aphid, BYDV, yellow sticky foil trap, entomological mowing net  

It is established, that the harvesting time of corn does not affect the percentage of damaged plants by a corn borer and amount of it’s caterpillars. Placing of butterfly caterpillars in a corn-stalk and character of damaged plants by a corn borer substantially depends on harvesting term of culture.

Keywords: corn, group of maturity, corn butterfly, term of harvesting  

  Structure of epiphytic mycoflora on wheat grain during the harvesting period has been studied. Measures of  grain  protect  from   diseases  are  resulted.

Keywords:winter wheat, epiphytic mycoflora, seed treatment  

The prevalence of 36 cultivars with different vegetative period by smuts was analyzed. It was established that during period of investigations Ustilаgo zeae was the most spread pathogen. Abiotic factors, especially air temperature and precipitation, were primary in development of diseases.

Keywords:corn, common corn smut,head smut, abiotic factors, crop rotation 

 The effect of preparations of biological origin on the viability of fungal spores - agents of seed growth of molds is studied. The efficiency of biopreparations relatively to molds grain progression at storage in the autumn-winter period and in spring (from the harvesting till seeding). Seed treatment with mikosan-H before placing in storage can be reliably suppress seed infection, preserve the seed quality.

Keywords:barley, mould activators,seed disease control, fungicides of a biological origin  

 The results of investigation of technical and economical efficiency of biological preparation аgat25-K on oat are given. It is established that after application the preparation on oat sowing the progression of crown rust is diminished by 53-66%. Saved yield was by 0,34 tons per ha, weight of 1000 kernels increases by 2,4 g.

Keywords: oat, diseases, crown rust, biopreparations, technical efficiency, yield  

 The article presents the results of field experiments on the formation of yield and grain quality of soft and hard winter wheat, winter barley. The relation between the hydrothermal conditions and protein content, gluten, 1000 grains weight and yield of varieties of winter crops in growing them on a black fallow. The group of varieties, which provide a stable biological and economic characteristics of a wide range of daily fluctuations in temperature and moisture.

Keywords: winter wheat, winter barley, yield, grain, variety, protein, quality  

The effect of sowing time and spring-summer nitrogen fertilizing on the photosynthetic activity of winter wheat crops are showed. It was found that the optimal foliage plants and more intensive processes of photosynthesis marked in plants at sowing on September 25 with the use of nitrogen fertilization in early spring on frozen melted soil surface of N₃₀, followed by the application of N_30-60 locally.

Keywords: winter wheat, sowing time, nitrogen fertilization, chlorophyll, net productivity of photosynthesis  

 The results on the effect of sowing time and conditions of the autumn growing season on the winter-resistance of winter barley plants in the northern part of the Steppe are showed. Obtained experimental data shows that the highest survival rate of winter barley plants was marked at sowing in the period from September 25 to October 5.

Keywords: winter barley, sowing time, winter-resistance, frost-resistance, carbohydrates  

  The researches on economic estimation of growing the corn of different ripening groups in the four ecological point tests on irrigated soil of the South Steppe of Ukraine are resulted. The highest economic efficiency of growing the middle-early groups is proved. Created the correlation and regression models of profitability level, depending on the productivity of different hybrid groups of FAO.

Keywords: corn, hybrids, irrigation, ecological point, productivity, model  

 The preliminary results of researches on definition the influence of predecessors and sowing terms on productivity the winter wheat variety of different intensity are obtained. A comparative analysis of productivity the winter wheat crops grown of different ages at growing after black fallow and sunflower was made.

Keywords: winter wheat, varieties, sowing times, predecessors, productivity, moisture provision  

  The results of the estimation of total toxicity of the soil and rice grains by test method, based on the germination of red radish in the extract of the studied object are presented. It was established that the elements of crop growing with balanced plant nutrition had not significantly influences the total toxicity of rice grain, it did not exceed of the boundary 20% and ranged within 11,2–18%.

 Keywords: rice, soil, grain, total toxicity, growing technology, ecological purity of product  

The results of studies the influence of sowing methods and seeding rate on the productivity of soybean varieties of different maturity groups. The dependence of the yield structure indexes of soybean by these factors was established.

According to the results of studies in the northern Steppe of Ukraine soybean varieties Oriana and Phaeton advisable to sow like a massive (15 cm), and a wide method with 45 and 70 cm row spacing with a seed rate 500 thousand seeds per hectare.

 Keywords: soybean, varieties, sowing methods, seeding rate, productivity  

  The results of tests the flax varieties of different geographical origin in a zone of north-eastern Woodlands of Ukraine are showed. The highest seed yield (0,90-0,97 tons per hectare) in the experiments provided a varieties Rushnychok, Glinum, Charivnyi at seeding rate of 22 million seeds per hectare. The high level of plasticity showed varieties Mogyliovskyi 2, Kameniar and Charivnyi, coefficients regression of which reach respectively 16,79; 15,11 and 10,09. High adaptive capacity for seed production showed varieties of flax Charivnyi, Glinum and Rushnychok in which best manifested plasticity and stability in two signs: the coefficients of regression were respectively 10,09; 9,43 and 8,55, and the variance of stability – 0,13; 0,39 and 0,53.

Keywords: flax, varieties, seeding rate, productivity, adaptive possibilities  

 The results of experimental studies on effect the sowing term of wheat on black fallow for the duration the period of «sowing – shoots», accumulation the amount of effective temperatures and soil moisture provision for plants during the fall growing season of winter wheat.  

Keywords:winter wheat, sowing time, productive moisture, amount of effective temperatures, field germination  

The optimal doses applications of the composts enriched by phosphorus mobilizing bacteria of genus Pseudomonas at cultivation of cucumbers are defined. Application of the composts received with the assistance of Pseudomonas sp. 17, in technologies of cultivation of cucumbers provides increase adsorption surfaces of root system of plants, improves phosphorus carrying out, increase of productivity of culture and quality of received production.

Keywords:phosphorus nutrition, composts, phosphates, phosphorus mobilizing microorganisms, physiological active substances, adsorption surface of roots  

 Influence of biodynes on the yield of a spring barley of Galaktik variety is studied. Efficiency of action the biological preparations on the indexes of photosynthetic potential and clean productivity of photosynthesis of plants is exposed. Seed treatment by biodynes enhances the processes of growth and development of a spring barley, promotes his yield, more effective herewith is using the preparation of krezatsyn.

Keywords: biologically active substances, crop yield, spring barley, bi preparations  

  Influence of seeding rates and planting methods on a yield of sesame seeds in the conditions of Berezovskyi district of Odessa region was studied. The best results have been received at cultivation sesame at seeding rate of 300 thousand seeds per hectare and spacing between rows at 60 sm. In this case, the seed yield was equal on the average for four years studies 10,35 tons per hectare.

Keywords: sesame, seeding rate, planting methods, yield of seeds 

 The obtained results of experimental researches testify that at growing of winter wheat in the conditions of Prysyvashshia most effective, from the economic point of view, on black fallow there is sowing on October, 5 by the sowing rate of 6,0 million seed per ha, at which it was got most the productivity (6,4 tons per ha). At placing of sowing after non-fallow predecessors (sowing on September, 25 by the same sowing rate) got 4,55 tons per ha – after spring barley, after sunflower – 3,97 tons per ha). In these terms, without application of additional technological operations and material expenses high economic indicators are got: net income and profitability level.

Keywords: winter wheat, predecessor, sowing term, sowing rate, productivity, economic efficiency 

  Density of galega orientalis plants in the first year of vegetation in the basic phases of growth and development depending on the sowing methods is defined. Influence of nurse crops on sowing sparse of galega orientalis is defined. The dynamics of height the galega orientalis plants in the first year life at the different sowing methods is defined.

Keywords: galega orientalis, sowing method, nurse crops, density, height  

 Adaptive potential and ecological stability various for heterosis structure of simple hybrids of corn (ZeamaizeL was spent.)are studied and defined the most optimal heterosispatterns of hybrids, adapted for conditions of Steppe of Ukraine. Among the studied genotypes the hybrids of heterotsispatterns Iodent×C103 have appeared the best on the general adaptive ability and it is possible to consider as the most intensive hybrids of scheme Iodent×BSSS.

By the results of researches it is proved, that the forecast of parameters of adaptive ability to morphological signs is impossible, and their studying by the sign «grainyield» is the most reliable means for the characteristic of separate genotypes. The tendency of increase the differentiating possibilities of environment in the conditions of the raised cropsdensity is revealed.

        Keywords: corn, heterosispattern, adaptation, general adaptive ability, ecological stability, plasticity  

  It is established that when sown on September 25 in the conditions of southern Steppe of Ukraine the optimum seeding rate of winter barley, which provides the highest grain yield can  be  considered  5 million  germinating   seeds per hectare.

Keywords: winter barley, seeding rate, productivity, predecessors  

  The optimal saturation and location of crops in shot-term crop rotations for the conditions of the insufficient moistening of Forest-Steppe are defined. It is established that in the conditions of climate changes the best predecessors for a wheat winter are are the legumes: peas and vetch-oat mixture.

Keywords: winter wheat, predecessors, shot-term crop rotations, productivity, output of grain  

              The research results on develop a crop rotation with melon busy fellow and enhanced concentration of grain crops are expounded. Data of productivity and economic efficiency of crop rotation – new and used today in the region are presented.

Keywords:сrop rotation, melon fallow, watermelon, winter wheat, concentration of grain crops, productivity, economic efficiency  

  It is established the effect of sowing term, seed treatment by a micro fertilizer and treater, as well as methods of weed ravaging on biometric indexes and sugar corn yield.

             Keywords: sowing term, sugar corn, hybrid, seed incrustation, vitavax, reacom, tank mix  

  Winter wheat yields data comparative assessment in the model field experiments on the coal-mine heaps reclamation did not fixed any limitation of plants growth after 20 years of land exploitation. Heavy metals mobile forms control in the heap minerocksis the precondition to getenviron mentally safe agricultural production in the neighboring to shafts reclaimed lands.

Keywords: reclamation, coal-mine heaps, winterwheat, productivity  

 In the article economic analysis of experimental data obtained in field experiments in south-western part of the Steppe are presented. The influence of predecessors, methods of tillage and herbicides on the productivity and economic indicators of growing the corn hybrids is showed. It is established, that high profitability has been at growingthe maize after winter wheat and soil application of Gerb herbicide.

Keywords: maize, predecessors, soil tillage, hybrids, herbicides, income, profitability  

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 The influence of different biopreparations basis on the strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum M 8 on formation and efficiency soybaen-rhizobial symbiosis in the presence of "local" populations of the rhizobia at the ground was studied. It was established, that a biopreparation of the complex action rhizogumin pro-vides quantity increase of nodules, formed by industrial strain nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase enzyme activity, and also the protein maintenance in soya plants in comparison with other bacterial biopreparations. Rhizogumin favoured formations of the greatest productivity of grain.

Keywords: nodule bacteria, biopreparations, symbiotic nitrogen fixing, physiologically active substances, glutamine synthetase enzyme 

 The results of researches onidentifying the influence of biological activity of soil on productivity and quality of soya seed are presented depending on variety particularities, sowing methods and seed inoculation at growing this pulse culture in conditions of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The best method of soya sowing is detected and necessity of inoculation of seed by ryzotorfin and vermistym for enhancing the productivity and quality of soya beans.

Keywords: soya beans, variety, inoculation |, biological activity, sowing method, productivity  

The results of researches on influence the bacterial preparation of nitrogen-fixing action of ryzogumin in combination with the growth regulator and microfertilizer on the productivity of pea of mustache typeare given. High effectiveness of these preparations  when  using in  the northern Steppe of Ukraine.

Keywords: pea, productivity, albumen, ryzogumin, emistym C, reakom  

 The results of researches relatively the productivity grain of corn, from point the best terms and doses of foliar application of complex watery fertilizers  reakomPlus.

Keywords: corn, fertilizers, terms, doses, productivity 

   The article presents the results of studies on the effect of fertilizer systems on the conversion coefficients and the accumulation of ¹³⁷Cs in agricultural plants in four-crop rotation of narrow and wide row-spacing crops: corn silage, barley, wild peas-oats, winter wheat. It is established that a significant reserve of obtaining the environmentally friendly products in the area of enforced radioactive control is the use of organic-mineral fertilizers, especially bioactive fertilizer – ekobiom and agrovit-cor.

Keywords:system of fertilizers, conversion coefficients, coefficients of saturation, radiocesium, ekobiom, agrovit-cor 

  In the article information is pointed about influencing new types of microfertilizers reakom, which contain the balanced correlation of helat microelements on the productivity of winter wheat in an area unstable moisturing of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Their application, both for seed treatment and for the additional of vegetative plants is considerable reserve of increase the productivity.

Keywords: microfertilizers, predecessors, winter wheat, seed, additional leaf fertilizing, productivity  

This article discusses the results of field research on studying the effectiveness of minimization of the main tillage and direct seeding of maize by agro-physical parameters. Found that shallow primary tillage and direct seeding in the growing corn leads to a decrease in stocks of soil moisture, increased bulk density and hardness, which cause depression of growth processes and reduced grain yield.

Keywords: soil tillage,  herbicides, direct seeding, the reserves of moisture, soil density, maize, yield  

 The results of researches on influence a biofertilizers baikal ЕМ-1 and аgrovit-cor on the productivity of sunflower and microbiological state of soilin compared to control and to variant with mineral fertilizers application are given in the article.

Keywords: sunflower, productivity, baikal ЕМ-1, microorganisms  

 On the basis of field experiments designed theoretical principles and practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness of sowing crops in order to fully exploit the genetic potential of grain yield of corn. Study of biological competition in corn agrocenoses. It prevent the negative impact of weeds on the process of fertilization and yield of corn.Revealed the highest technical efficiency against complex weed steppe ecotype, including high resistance, using a combination of herbicide master and soil herbicide kharnes with insurance dialen super.

Keywords:corn, weeds, herbicides, crop yield,  productivity  

 Basic directions and agrotechnical receptions of effective weed control are reflected in clean fallow. It is set that the usage of early fallow under a winter wheat  in Steppe instrumental in the increase of weediness by the permanent weeds and the Common Ragweed. High efficiency of nitric fertilizer applicationof winter wheat was proved, which promotes the competitiveness of plants in relation to weeds and reduces weediness of sowings in 1,2-4,1 times.

Keywords: clean fallow, winter wheat, weeds, tillage, yielding capacity