Grain Crops.- 2023. - Vol. 7.- № 2

UDC 633.854.54:631.527    https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0280 

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 217–226

Tovstanovska T. H. Poliakov O. I.

Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, 1 Instytutska Street, Soniachne Village,  Zaporizhzhia District, Zaporizhzhia Region, 69055, Ukraine

Topicality. Wild flax species are carriers of selection-valuable traits and can be used in breeding programs to obtain interspecific hybrids that are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, with a higher yield potential compared to intraspecific ones due to large branching and the number of bolls on the stems. Purpose. In-depth study of wild annual flax species L. angustifolium and L. hispanicum for valuable breeding traits, including them in crossings with cultivated flax samples to obtain interspecific hybrids with increased branching and high seed productivity. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out in 2017–2018 at the Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. The material for the research was parental forms: wild annual homostylous species with n=15 L. angustifolium and L. hispanicum, cultivated flax samples: L 5 (Czech Republic), L 6 (India), M 32/2 (Ukraine) and 12 interspecific combinations . Parental forms were studied based on morphological and economically valuable characteristics. The oil content in the seeds was determined using a laboratory NMR analyzer AMB-1006, the content of fatty acids in the oil was determined by gas-liquid chromatography using a Selmichrome-1 device. In interspecific hybrids, the number and percentage of bolls and seeds set in them were calculated. Results. Annual homostylous wild flax species with n=15 L. angustifolium and L. hispanicum were studied for morphological, economically valuable characters and biochemical indicators in comparison with samples of cultivated flax. Interspecific crossings were carried out and hybrid seeds were obtained. Valuable traits   of wild species for flax breeding are their early ripeness (68–71 days versus 76–89.5 days for cultivated flax samples), a large number of stems per plant (5.6–6.5 versus 1.4–2, 9 pcs.), side shoots (16.8–17.9 pcs. versus 5.7–10.0 pcs.), bolls (48.9–61.2 pcs. versus 15.5–29.2 pcs.). It was established that, in terms of the content  of unsaturated linoleic and linolenic acids, wild species had a composition characteristic of cultivated flax (13.0–16.2 % and 57.2–58.6 %, respectively). L. hispanicum has an increased level of saturated stearic acid (6.4 %) compared to other genotypes, in which this figure was in the range of 1.7–3.8 %. Conclusions. A decrease in the level of set of hybrid bolls and seeds in them was revealed due to unfavorable weather conditions. A higher percentage of bolls and seeds in them was shown in crosses where cultivated flax was the maternal form.

Key words: cultivated flax, L. angustifolium, L. hispanicum, weather, morphological feature, economic value feature, interspecies crossing, hybrid, genotype, hybrid seed, seed binding

UDC 633.15:631.527:575    https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0281

Grain Crops. 2023. 7. (2). 227–235

Bibel Y. O. 

Institute of Plant Industry named after V. Yuriev NAAS. Prospect of Heroes of Kharkiv, 142, Kharkiv 61060, Ukraine

 Topicality. It is extremely important for the agricultural production of Ukraine to obtain consistently high yields of maize grain. To create high-yielding hybrids, it is necessary to have a variety of source material, namely self-pollinated lines that meet the basic requirements of breeders - increased grain and seed productivity, high donor properties, genetic protection against abiotic and biotic factors, good adaptability to weather and agronomic conditions. Purpose. To study maize lines of different maturity groups that have a significant range of genotypic variability in interphase periods, indicating the possibility of selecting lines with rapid accumulation of dry matter in maize grain and selecting samples with rapid moisture release. Methods. The experiments were conducted in accordance with the "Methodological recommendations for field and laboratory study of maize genetic resources". When evaluating the source material for grain filling intensity, the influence of morphological and biological traits (plant height and number of leaves above the cob, number of internodes on the cob leg, etc.) on this trait, its relationship with economic traits that determine the level of productivity (cob length, number of rows, number of grains in a row, etc.) was determined. Results. Maize lines with intensive grain filling and a set of valuable economic traits were identified. The moisture content of the grain was assessed in the laboratory using the thermostat-weight method. To compare the results, the moisture content in the grain was determined by the field method using a needle moisture tester for wood AVD 6100. Conclusions. 100 self-pollinated lines of different subspecies composition, maturity group and geographical origin were studied. The lines are represented from 12 countries of the world. It was found that the results of the laboratory thermostat-weighing method and the field method using the needle moisture tester AVD 6100 coincided (by the coefficient of determination) by 90 % on day 60, and allowed the use of the needle moisture tester to determine the moisture content of maize grain in the field, which significantly accelerates the breeding process.

Keywords: maize, line, yield, productivity, dry matter accumulation, rapid moisture release

UDC 633.13:631.527      https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0282

Grain Crops. 2023.7 (2). 236–241.

Necheporenko L. P.                        

Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS of Ukraine,  1 Shkilna St., Verkhniachka village, Uman district, Cherkasy region, 20022, Ukraine

Topicality. Productivity represents the main value indicator of the original breeding material in the development of new varieties of oats (Avena sativa L.). Therefore, the problem of increasing productivity, which depends on the genetic potential of the variety, its plasticity and resistance to fungal diseases, remains relevant. Purpose To select promising oat lines and evaluate the newly developed oat variety, ensuring yield increase, high grain quality, resistance to drought and disease. Methods: field, laboratory, analytical and statistical. Results. The oat lines resistant to damage by loose smut and crown rust both on provocative and infectious backgrounds were obtained. The oat line 585-7 significantly exceeded the average group standard in terms of yield, plant height – by 13 cm, shorter growing season - by 15 days, resistance to loose smut damage – by 0.5 points, resistance to lodging and drought – by –1.0–0.5 points, low hulling – 23.1 %, 1000 grain weight – 33.2 g and protein content – up to 13.6 %. Conclusions. Common oat lines were developed with high indicators of plant height, panicle length, 1000 grain weight, grain volume weight, hull content, resistance to fungal diseases, high productivity and quality. Yield of Dalech variety was 5.50 t/ha in the Forest-Steppe zone and  4.27 t/ha in Polissya, which was 1.53 and 0.64 t/ha higher than the average yield of varieties registered in all zones for the previous 5 years. Dalech variety is resistant to loose smut and crown rust. It is listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine and recommended for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones starting from 2022.

Key words: common oats, productivity, adaptability, resistance, Dalech variety

UDC 633.15:631.526.322:581.14(477.63)    https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0283

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 242–250

Paziuk N. V.  

Scientific And Production Farming Enterprise Company Mais, 50 Tsentralna St., Zaitseve village, Synelnykove district, Dnipropetrovsk region, 52514, Ukraine

Topicality. BSSS germplasm is widely used in most breeding programs of leading companies, but is characterised by insufficient variety of precocious lines. The relevance of the work is to determine the main breeding traits of self-pollinated maize lines of the heterotic BSSS group adapted to the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Purpose. Our research is aimed at evaluating new self-pollinated lines of BSSS plasma in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The source material was composed of 25 self-pollinated maize lines of the BSSS germplasm. Research methods were used: visual for phenological observations; laboratory and field methods for determination of morphological and biological traits of plants; measuring and weighing methods for determination of yield and metric traits of plants; mathematical and statistical methods for calculation of reliability of results, indicators of trait variability, correlation of traits; analysis of variance; comprehensive assessment of morphological, biological and economic characteristics of inbred lines. Results. Twenty-five self-pollinated maize lines of BSSS germplasm were evaluated for the following traits: duration of the period from seedlings to flowering of 50 % of tassels, and from seedlings to flowering of 50 % of ears, plant height, ear insertion height, and grain yield. Conclusions. The self-pollinated maize lines with more stable breeding traits in different agronomic conditions were identified for two years of research, namely: SDM15, SDM2A, SDM96 and MS2439, and SDM84-35, which are valuable for breeding drought tolerant hybrids.

Key words: maize, self-pollinated lines, BSSS germplasm, duration of the "seedling-flowering" period, grain yield

UDC 633:11:575.222.2:631.527.3        https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0284

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 251–257

Pirych A. V., Fedorenko M. V., Ivantsova L. V., Blyzniuk R. M. 

The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS, 68 Tsentralna St., Tsentralne village, Myronivka district, Kyiv region,08853, Ukraine

Topicality. Crop yield is a complex trait that requires studying directly by its structural elements. Calculating the efficiency of selection in the next generation is a prerequisite for modern breeding. Purpose. To determine the influence of parental forms on the manifestation of valuable economic traits in F₁ hybrids and to calculate the efficiency of selection in the next generation. Materials and Methods. Field trials were conducted at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS (MIW). The research material included 14 F₁ hybrid combinations developed by crossing lines with stem rust resistance genes (33H₁-12, 37Н₁-11, 35Н₂-18, DHG 146-54, 35Н₂-3, 41Н₂-4-2, 37Н₁-9) submitted by the Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine and commercial varieties Dubravka (originator MIW) and Trizo (originator DSV). Analysis of F₁ hybrids and source material of spring wheat was carried out to determine the level of manifestation of spike productivity elements. The influence of parental forms on the manifestation of quantitative traits in F₁ hybrids and heritability coefficients in the broad (H²) and narrow sense (h²) were determined. The variety Elehiia myronivska was used as the standard. Results. The AVOVA of combining ability revealed a significant advantage in varying the effects of general combining ability (GCA). The mean square for the specific combining ability (SCA) was inferior to the general combining ability, but it was reliable. It was found that the interaction of parental forms had an influence on such traits as number of kernels per spike and kernel weight per spike (influence ratio was 0.46 and 0.56, respectively). The spike length in F₁ hybrids was influenced by the maternal form at 36 %, the influence of the interaction of maternal and paternal genotypes was at 44 % of the total variation. The interaction of the parent components of the crossing had the highest influence on the manifestation of the number of spikelets per spike, it was 69 %. In hybrid combinations, a high value of the heritability coefficient in the broad sense was of 0.80–0.95, the value of the heritability coefficient in the narrow sense was of 0.15 to 0.45. Conclusions. Taking into account the significant difference between the two coefficients, it can be concluded that the genotypic variability of the investigated traits is caused in most cases by non-additive (dominant) effects of genes. In subsequent generations, selection based on spike length and kernel number per spike will be effective.

Key words: spring wheat, hybrids, combining ability, heritability coefficient, prediction, selection

UDC 635.655:631.527     https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0285

Grain Crops. 2023. 7 (2). 258–269.

Mazur Z. O.¹, Kornieieva M.O.²,Orlov S.D.² 

¹Verkhniachka Experimental Breeding Station, Verkhniachka, Uman district, Cherkasy region

²Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 25 Klinichna St., Kyiv

Topicality. The study of phenotypic parameters of quantitative morphological traits that associatively affect the productivity of winter rye plants allowed developing theoretical predictions on the effectiveness of their breeding improvement. Purpose. To determine the level of phenotypic manifestation, variability and type of phenotypic dominance of morphogenetic traits of winter rye in single-cross sterile hybrids as a maternal component and to select the best breeding samples. Material and Methods. Six cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) and six self-fertile sterility maintainer (SM) lines of short-stemmed winter rye determined by dominant gene hl (except for SM line 4) were studied. The study was carried out according to quantitative morphogenetic characteristics, using the methods of the State Testing of Plant Varieties for Suitability for Distribution in Ukraine. The level of phenotypic manifestation of traits of single-cross sterile hybrids in relation to the parental forms was estimated as a percentage of the pollen-sterile (CMS line) and unrelated sterility fixer (CS), and by the assessment of the dominance of hp calculated according to the formula of G.M. Bale and R.E. Atkins. Results. The coefficient of variation in plant height was increased in 54.5 % of hybrid combinations in comparison with parental forms, in the vast majority of CMS lines and SMs this trait was classified as low-variable, 63.6 % of single-cross sterile hybrids inherited height by intermediate type and negative dominance and depression, resulting in short-stemmed plants and increased lodging resistance. The number of productive shoots is a medium- and highly variable trait (depending on the genotype), and depression was detected in 72.7 % of the combinations (hp ranged from -1.1 to -5.2). Spike length, as a trait, was characterised by low variability, and 45.4 % of the single-cross sterile hybrids inherited the trait by intermediate type and heterosis. According to the number of flowers in the spike of single-cross sterile hybrids, 36.3 % of combinations showed heterosis for this trait. Spike density was a relatively stable trait in terms of variation of phenotypic values, and 45.4 % of single-cross sterile hybrids inherited the trait by intermediate type and heterosis. According to the fertility trait, 54.5 % of hybrid combinations showed heterosis (the degree of phenotypic dominance hp was in the range of 1.0–17.0). Conclusions. It was found that the manifestation of heterosis and positive dominance in single-cross sterile hybrids in relation to parental forms expands the combinative variability of quantitative traits, which allows more efficient selection of the best pairs as components of crossing. In many cases, the inbred depression of the pollen-sterile form is eliminated, as a result of which an increase in the number of heterosis combinations in the final hybrids of winter rye is predicted.

Key words: winter rye, pollen-sterile lines, sterility maintainers, heterosis

UDC 633.111.1“321”:631.522/.524     https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0286

Grain Crops. 2023. 7 (2). 270–277.

Fedorenko M. V., Fedorenko I. V., Kuzmenko Ye. A., Blyzniuk R. M. 

The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS, Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, 08853, Ukraine

Topicality. An important area of spring wheat breeding work is to increase yields by improving head productivity, which is always a relevant area of research. Purpose. To identify the peculiarities in variability of the productivity attributes of bread spring wheat collection samples and to involve them as source material in breeding programmes. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out during 2020–2022 at the  V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. The material for the research was 105 samples of bread spring wheat, the variety Elehia Myronivska was used as a standard.  Laboratory and field, mathematical and statistical methods were used. Results. It was found that the formation of the head length was determined by the genotype and meteorological conditions of the year. During the years of research, the number of kernels per head was characterised by an average level of variability (Сv = 12.2–14.1 %) and       varied from 33.6±1.6 to 48.9±1.9 pcs. It should be noted that the average value of grain weight per head was at the level: in 2020 – 1.6±0.08 g, 2021 – 1.5±0.07 g, 2022 – 1.9±0.1 g. The coefficient of variation had an average level of variability of 13.8–14.7 %. It was found that the kernel weight per head depended more on the conditions of the year of cultivation than on genotypic characteristics. Over the years of research, the 1000 grain weight, depending on the genotypes, varied from 29.7±0.7 g in the Stepnaia 50 sample (Kazakhstan) to 43.2±1.4 g in the MIP Oleksandra (Ukraine). The genotypes differed slightly in terms of response rate. The highest range of variation was observed in 2021 (11.7 g), and the lowest in 2020 (6.9 g). It was found that the 1000 grain weight varied depending on the conditions of the year of cultivation and genotype. Conclusions. Samples with a complex of traits are of practical interest for breeding work: MIP Oleksandra, MIP Svitlana, Bozhena, MIP Solomiia, Oksamyt Mironivskyi (Ukraine), Lamys, Amina (Kazakhstan), Matthus, Melissos, Quintus (Germany), Alicia (Czech Republic), BAV 92/SERI (Mexico), Tianmin 198          (People's Republic of China), Licamero (France), which are recommended as parental components for  crosses. Determination of the correlation coefficients of phenotypic productivity elements revealed that the yield level is influenced to varying degrees by the elements of the head structure, allowing identification of genotypes for introduction into breeding programmes as source material.

Key words: bread spring wheat, collection samples, productivity attributes, yielding capacity, correlation coefficients

UDC 633.11:632.937:632.4       https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0298

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 358–364

Zaima O.A., Derhachov O.L. 

The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat NAAS, Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, 08853, Ukraine

Topicality. Biologicals based on living organisms or their products of life are used in crop protection systems to reduce the number and harmfulness of pests, which is quite relevant today and the importance of biomethod research will only grow. Purpose. Study of the influence of biological plant protection products on the yield and grain quality of soft winter wheat. Materials and methods. The Estafeta Mironovskaya and Vezha Mironovskaya varieties of winter wheat were used in the experiments. Sowing was carried out in early October with a seeding rate of 5.0 million seeds per 1 ha. The experimental plot area was 10 m², arrangement the plot was randomised, experiment was repeated four times, and the predecessor was soybean. Biologicals of plant protection against pathogens were studied: Mikosan V, SC (8.0 l/ha), Planriz BT, WS (2.0 l/ha), Trikhodermin, WS (3.0 l/ha), Fitocid-r, S (0.5 l/ha). The treatment was carried out in the stages of stem elongation, heading and flowering. Results. The technical efficiency of biologicals after three sprayings in the milk ripeness stage for the Estafeta Myronivska variety against powdery mildew was 25–59 %, septoria leaf spot – 32–38 %, brown rust – 81 %; for the Vezha Myronivska variety – 60–70 %, 11–22 % and 53–60 %, respectively. Mikosan V and Fitocid-r were more effective against diseases when applied during the three stages of winter wheat development. Spraying with biofungicides of plants of the Estafeta Myronivska variety increased the yield by 0.26–0.41 t/ha, and Vezha Myronivska – by 0.21–0.45 t/ha. The highest yield increase in Vezha Myronivska was provided by spraying with Mikosan V – 0.45 t/ha and Fitocid-r – 0.43 t/ha; Estafeta Myronivska – Mikosan V – 0.39 t/ha and Trykhodermin – 0.41 t/ha. The maximum yield level (5.51 t/ha) was obtained in the Estafeta Mironivska variety due to the application of Trykhodermin. The highest grain quality was provided by spraying with Fitocid-r and Mikosan V. Conclusions. Crop spraying with biological protection products in the three stages of winter wheat development (stem elongation, heading and flowering) is required to obtain a large grain yield with high quality indicators. Wheat cultivation with the application of biologicals (fungicides) provides the highest yield and grain quality in case of application of Mikosan V (8.0 l/ha) and Trykhodermin (3.0 l/ha).

Key words: variety, biologicals, crop treatment, technical efficiency, yield, grain quality indicators

UDC 633.1:631.526.32:631.524.86         https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0299

Grain Crops. 2023. 7 (2). 365–372

Murashko L. A.¹, Mukha T. I.¹, Gumeniuk O. V.¹, Suddenko Yu. V.¹, Novytska N. V.² 

¹The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine, 68 Tsentralna St., Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, 08853, Ukraine

²National University of LifeandEnvironmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony St., Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine

Topicality. The most radical, promising, environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to improve the integrated winter wheat protection system is breeding varieties resistant to pests and pathogens This approach allows us to minimise yield losses from pests and reduce energy consumption by 25–30 % without additional costs. Purpose. To study the resistance of winter wheat varieties of Myronivka selection to diseases using artificial infectious backgrounds of their causative agents. Methods. The research was conducted in 2016–2020 by artificial inoculation with pathogens in field infectious nurseries of the Plant Protection Department of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS in the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The assessment of the winter wheat resistance to pathogens was carried out in dynamics (the growth of the disease). The main assessment was considered to be during the period of maximum disease development: for powdery mildew, Septoria leaf spot in flowering stage of winter wheat, Fusarium head blight, brown rust in milky ripeness stage, head smut in milky-wax ripeness stage, Cercosporella foot rot in waxy ripeness stage. Results. On average, over the years of research, the varieties resistant to powdery mildew were: Myronivska zolotoverkha, Kalynova, Myronivska storichna, Hospodynia Myronivska, MIP Valensiia, MIP Vyshyvanka; to brown rust - Pamiati Remesla, Trudivnytsia Myronivska, MIP Kniazhna, Hratsia Myronivska, Vezha Myronivska; to Septoria disease - Dostatok, Madiarka, Mirkhad, Berehynia Myronivska, Horlytsia Myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska. Conclusions. Among the 86 varieties of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, Yasnohirka, Ekspromt, Dostatok, Madiarka, Berehynia Myronivska, Horlytsia Myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, MIP Valensiia, MIP Dniprianka, Vezha Myronivska and Etafeta Myronivska showed group resistance to the main pathogens.

Key words: winter wheat, variety, artificial infection background, head smut, Fusarium head blight, root rots, powdery mildew, brown rust, Septoria leaf spot, group resistance

UDC 632.951:633.358        https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0300

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 373–378

Vorozhko S. P. 

Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS, 1 Shkilna St., Verkhniaсhkavillage, Uman district, Cherkasy region, 20022, Ukraine

Topicality.The uncultivated large areas of arable land, deterioration of agricultural practices, ignoring crop rotation, and breach of regulations on the plant protection contribute to the active accumulation or irruption of pests, and as a result, significant yield losses. Pea weevil is the most harmful phytophage, which significantly damages pea seeds, reducing their weight, quality, marketability, etc. An important aspect of integrated crop protection is the application of pesticides, which ensure reducing the number of pests to an economically viable level. Therefore, the study of the effectiveness of modern insecticides against the pea weevil on pea crops remains relevant.Purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of insecticides against the pea weevil.Materials and Methods.The research was carried out at the Verkhniachka Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS.The material for the study was peas of the Tsarevych variety.The following methods were used: field, laboratory and field, mathematical and statistical.Results.The population dynamics of the pea weevil was studied. The peculiarities of phytophage biology depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season have been revealed.It was found that toxication of pea plants is ineffective against pea weevil due to insufficient duration of protective effect. The feasibility and effectiveness of the modern insecticides for spraying pea plants were confirmed.Conclusions.Pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds with Maxim XL 035 FS is ineffective against pea weevil due to insufficient duration of the protective effect. A single spraying the pea plants with Engeo 247 SС and Fosorhan Duo with consumption rates of 0.20 and 1.2 l/ha, respectively, in the stage of mass flowering allowed reducing the seed damage by an average of 10.3 % and preserving the yield within 0.39–0.48 t/ha compared to the control. Double spraying of the crop with insecticides in the stages of mass flowering and pod formation ensured the death of imago and larvae at the level of 95.6–97.5%.

Key words:peas, pea weevil, insecticides, effectiveness, yield

UDC 633/635, 631.95: 633.1    https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0287

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 278–284

Bondareva O. B., Viniukov О. О.,Konovalenko L. I., Chugrii Н. A. 

Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS of Ukraine, 1 Zakhysnykiv Ukrainy St., Pokrovsk, Donetsk region, 85307, Ukraine

Topicality. In the conditions of ever-increasing technogenic pressure on the environment, the study of the influence of In the context of the growing anthropogenic load on the environment, studying the influence of abiotic factors on the translocation of heavy metals in the soil-plant system is of great practical importance for the agricultural sector. In the southeastern industrial region, the environmental safety of crop production largely depends on the heavy metal accumulation in plants and their translocation depends on both soil properties and climatic factors. Purpose. To investigate the effect of agroclimatic conditions in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine on the content of heavy metal mobile forms in soil and their translocation into spring barley grain.  Materials and methods. Research was conducted in the field crop rotation of the Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS on the Stepovyk variety in 2018–2022 with using field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. The highest increase in the acid-soluble zinc content was observed under increasing soil moisture. Under dry conditions in 2020, the acid-soluble zinc content was 45.3 mg/kg, while under excessive moisture conditions in 2022 it increased by 8.5 mg/kg or 18.8 %. The content of all studied heavy metals in spring barley grain did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) with increasing soil moisture. The content of the studied heavy metals in spring barley grain under increasing soil moisture did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). With increasing moisture availability, there was a tendency to increased copper content (by 8.2–9.9 %). The zinc accumulation in spring barley grain increased from 24.2 mg/kg to 28.9 mg/kg, or by 19.4 % in the excessively wet year of 2022 compared to the dry year of 2020. The cadmium content increased by 0.02 mg/kg, which is 40 %. Conclusions. Hydrometeorological conditions affect the content of heavy metals mobile forms in the soil and their translocation into spring barley grain, which necessitates the implementation of methods to reduce the environmental risks of heavy metal contamination of plant products under conditions of excessive wetting and real anthropogenic load..

Key words:spring barley, agroclimatic conditions, soil, grain, content of heavy metals

UDC 633.16.631.816.3     https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0288

Grain Crops 2023. 7 (2). 285–292

Palamarchuk V. D. 

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, 3 Soniachna St.,Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine

Topicality. The fertilizer system affects the characteristics of the formation of the optical and morphological system of plants and the possibility of formation and accumulation of organic matter and plant adaptability to stress factors of growing conditions. Purpose. To determine the influence of nitrogen feeding on the formation of morphological characteristics and productivity elements in spring barley varieties.  Methods. Field, laboratory, laboratory-field. The research was carried out during 2021–2022 on the basis of Organic-D LLC in Sutysky village, Tyvrivsky district, Vinnytsia region, Ukraine. Results. Feeding with nitrogen fertilisers at the rate of N₆₀ increased the plant height by 13.6 cm in Lofant variety, Hetman variety – by 14.1 cm, Vakula variety – by 9.5 cm and Helios variety – by 10.1 cm; and the spike length at the rate of N₃₅ – in the Lofant variety by 0.7 cm, Hetman – 0.4 cm, Vakula – 0.7 cm and Helios – 0.7 cm, and at the rate of N₄₅ – by 1.2 cm, 0.4 cm, 1.0 and 0.9 cm, compared to the control. On average for two years of research, the highest number of productive shoots was obtained under introduction of N₆₀ kg a. i./ha in the Lofant variety – 407.3 pcs./m², Hetman – 493 pcs./m², Vakula – 437.2 pcs./m² and Helios – 431.8 pcs./m². The highest yield was obtained in the variant with the application of N₆₀ on grey forest soils for Lofant variety – 3.85 t/ha, Hetman – 4.78 t/ha, Vakula – 4.62 t/ha and Helios – 4.84 t/ha, which is explained by primarily due to the rapid regrowth of shoots and roots, the formation of optimal plant density, as well as the highest productivity of varieties. Conclusions. The best indicators of plant height, spike length, number of productive shoots and yield in the studied mid-ripening varieties of spring barley, such as the Lofant variety (70.5 cm, 9.4 cm, 407.3 pcs./m², 3.85 t/ha), Hetman (72.9 cm, 8.8 cm, 493.0 pcs. /m², 4.78 t/ha), Vakula (69.7 cm, 9.2 cm, 437.2 pcs./m², 4.62 t/ha) and Helios (67.3 cm, 9.3 cm, 431.8 pcs./m², 4.84 t/ha) were formed by feeding with nitrogen fertilisers at a rate of N₆₀ in the tillering stage of plants.

Key words: barley, feeding, plant height, nitrogen, grain, tillering, spike length, productivity

UDC 633.11:631.559.2    https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0289

Grain Crops. 2023. 7 (2). 293–299

Pochkolina S. V., Коhut І. М., Serhieiev L. А., Мelnyk О. Т. 

Odessa State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. 24 Maiatska Road St.,Khlibodarske Village, Odessa District, Odessa Region, 67667, Ukraine

Topicality. In the contemporary period, due to gradual climate changes, the study of growth and development peculiarities of various varieties of winter wheat depending on sowing dates is of both scientific and practical interest. Unfortunately, in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, these issues are insufficiently studied, characterized by the presence of debatable points, and conclusions of individual experts show significant discrepancies. Numerous scientific research and practical experience confirm that the problem of yield and grain quality is critically acute in the Southern region of our country and requires more detailed examination. Purpose. To test and adapt innovative grain production technologies for new winter wheat varieties to the region's conditions, ensuring the genetic potential level of their yield and grain quality. Materials and Methods. The primary method used was field research, complemented by analytical investigations, measurements, calculations, and observations according to commonly accepted methodologies and guidelines in Agriculture and Crop Science. The study involved 10 varieties of winter wheat. Sowing was conducted in three dates: September 25, October 5, and October 15. Results. The study presents the results of investigating the influence of sowing dates on the yield and grain quality of various varieties of winter wheat in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that all studied winter wheat varieties produced the highest yields at sowing on 5 October. In this case, the average yield over two years (2021–2022) was 10.9 % higher compared to the September 25 sowing date and 11.1 % higher compared to the October 15 sowing date. In 2023, compared to sowing date of 25 September, the grain yield of winter wheat was 10.2 % higher for sowing of 5 October and 8.3 % higher for sowing of 15 October, which is mathematically proven. The highest average yield over two years (2021–2022) was achieved for the following varieties when sowing on October 5: Dovira Odeska (4.03 t/ha), Storytsia (3.90 t/ha), Palitra   (3.80 t/ha), Zhytnytsia Odeska (3.68 t/ha). The lowest yield was obtained in the Veteran variety (3.24 t/ha). In 2023, the highest yield for the October 5 sowing date was achieved by the following varieties: Katrusia Odeska (5.16 t/ha), Pokrovska (4.48 t/ha), Hospodarka Odeska (4.28 t/ha), Udacha Odeska (4.08 t/ha). Conclusions. Sowing of winter wheat is advisable to be carried out within optimal dates, specifically in early October (5.10). This approach will lead to the best results in terms of yield, income, and profitability.

Key words: sowing dates, winter wheat, promising varieties, yield

UDC 631.527.5:633.15:581.13:631.8:581.144.4    https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0290

Grain Crops 2023. 7 (2). 300–306

Stepanenko M. V. 

Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, 8/1 Soborna Sq., Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, 09117, Ukraine

Topicality. Achieving the maximum level of maize productivity requires optimising the rate of assimilation apparatus formation and promoting the maximum duration of leaf area activity. Adjusting the leaf area of maize crops by optimising plant nutrition ensures improved accumulation of organic matter through photosynthetic activity of plants. Purpose. Research was aimed at determining the effect of maize plants supply with macro- and microelements on the formation of leaf area of the mid-late maize hybrid SI Zefir (FAO 430) under different developmental stages in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory and laboratory-field methods were used in the research. The research was  conducted in the fields of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University during 2021–2022. Results.  It was found that the leaf area of maize varies depending on the stages of growth and development, due to the growth and death of the number of leaves in the process of ontogeny. The dynamics of leaf area decrease from the milk ripeness stage to the full grain ripeness stage was established, which is more related to the death of some leaves. The formation of the total leaf area of the SI Zefir hybrid significantly depended on the climatic conditions of the year and the supply of plants with micro- and macroelements. Conclusions. The best indicators of leaf area in the stages of milk ripeness (41.24 thousand m2/ha) and full grain ripeness (38.38 thousand m2/ha) were observed in 2021, which was more favourable in terms of temperature and moisture supply compared to 2022. The introduction of nitrogen fertiliser N40 in combination with microfertiliser Wuxal P Max before sowing provided the largest leaf area of the maize hybrid SI Zefir in the stages of milk ripeness - 41.35 thousand m2/ha and full grain ripeness - 37.60 thousand m2/ha. The application of nitrogen fertilisers in combination with the microfertiliser Wuxal P Max helps to optimise the nutrient supply of plants, which stimulates the formation of leaf area, which increases in the stages of milk and full grain ripeness by 3.70 thousand m2/ha and 2.85 thousand m2/ha, respectively, compared to the control variant (without fertilisation)

Key words: maize, leaf area, photosynthetic surface area, fertilisation

UDC 633.34:631.5:631.8     https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0291

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 307–313

Lemeshyk A. V., Novytska N. V.  

National University of LifeandEnvironmental Sciences of Ukraine

Topicality. Plant density is one of the key factors in the formation of soybean productivity, given that the most productive crops are formed with the optimal number of plants per unit area and the rational utilisation of actual environmental resources by each plant and the agrophytocenosis in general. Optimal plant spacing reduces the competition of soybean plants and ensures adequate supply of crop to soil nutrients, so both sparseness and thickness of crops significantly affect the yield shortfall. Purpose. To study the effect of row spacing and seeding rate on the survivability of soybean plants of early ripening varieties Vyshyvanka and Zhaklin. MethodsIn 2021–2022, the research was conducted in scientific laboratories and stationary crop rotation by the Department of Plant Production in the fields of the Separate Subdivision Agronomic Research Station of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (Pshenychne village, Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region), in the northeastern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Phenological observations and assessment of crops were carried out according to the F. M. Kuperman's method at the main stages of plant growth and development: seedling, flower-bud formation, flowering, and ripening. The main phases of plant growth and development were noted: seedlings, budding, flowering,

ripening. The beginning of the stage was considered to be the presence of the controlled trait in at least 10 % of plants, and 75 % of plants were considered as complete stage. The plant density was recorded in the stage of full seedlings and before harvesting according to the Methodology of State Variety Testing of Crops. Results. It was found that plant survivability depends on the feeding area, so the greatest losses (10.3–13.2 %) of plants during the harvesting period were observed when soybeans were sown in a wide-row method (45 cm) with a seeding rate of 750 thousand seeds/ha. The lowest losses (3.4–5.3 %) were observed in the wide-row method of sowing with a seeding rate of 450 thousand seeds/ha. Soybean crops sown in a conventional row method with a row spacing of 15 cm and various seeding rates did not show any particular sparseness during the ripening period, and the death rate did not exceed 5–7 %. The best plant development occurs at the optimal feeding area with an even distribution of plants on the field. Conclusions. On the typical low-humus chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it is recommended to sow early ripening soybean varieties using the conventional row method of sowing, with a seeding rate of 450 thousand seeds/ha that to ensure even placement of plants, optimal nutrition area and survivability during the growing season.

Key words: soybean, variety, seeding rate, row spacing, sowing method, plant density, plant survivability

UDC 633.11:632.937:632.4

Grain Crops. 2023. 7(2). 314–321

Zaima O. A., Derhachov O. L., Siroshtan A. A., Kavunets V. P., Shevchenko T. V. 

The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS, 68 Tsentralna St., Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, 08853, Ukraine

Topicality. Wheat yields are formed as a result of the genetic characteristics of a variety in interaction with soil and climatic conditions and cultivation technology. Yields depend on and vary depending on the predecessor, the level of mineral nutrition and the impact of weather conditions in the year of cultivation. Therefore, the study of the effect of previos crops and sowing dates on winter wheat grain remains an essential task. Purpose. Studing the effect of previos crops and sowing dates on the seed yield and quality of soft winter wheat. Materials and Methods. The research focused on five previos crops (soybean, sunflower, maize (in milk ripeness), green fallow (white mustard), mustard (for seed)), and three sowing dates (25 September, 5 and 15 October). Varieties of soft winter wheat were examined: Podolianka, MIP Fortuna, MIP Roksolana, MIP Yuvileina, MIP Feieriia, MIP Vidznaka, MIP Nika, MIP Darunok, MIP Aelita. The seeding rate was 5 million seeds per 1 ha. Sowing, phenological observations and yield recording were performed in accordance with the standard methods used in wheat variety testing. Results. The average yield of winter wheat varieties in the experiment for 2021 and 2022 was 6.09 t/ha, with a maximum after the green fallow of 6.72 t/ha and a minimum after the sunflower of 5.50 t/ha. Shifting the sowing date from       25 September to 15 October reduced the average yield of the varieties. Only after the mustard, the highest yield of winter wheat (6.13 t/ha) was obtained when sown on 5 October. The seed germination energy of the varieties was highest after the green fallow and amounted to 96–97 %. Depending on the sowing date, the germination energy varied by 1–3 %. The laboratory germination rate of the varieties was 96–97 %. Conclusions. It was found that the highest yields were provided by green fallow and soybean as predecessors, and the optimal sowing date was in late September. A higher level of yield after all the predecessors was observed in the varieties MIP Aelita, MIP Vidznaka and MIP Feieriia. It was found that the studied varieties formed the maximum of 1000 grain weight and 1000 standard seeds weight, and hence the seed yield after the such previous crops as green fallow (white mustard) and mustard for seeds. After maize, it was possible to achieve higher germination energy and laboratory germination rates. Shifting the sowing dates to later ones resulted in a decrease in the yield of standard seeds, while the rest of the indicators were almost independent of this factor.

Key words: variety, previous crops, yield level, sowing dates, sowing qualities of seeds

UDC 635.652/654:631.558.3    https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0293

Grain Crops. 2023. 7 (2). 322–327

Parfeniuk O. O., Trush  S. H., Balaniuk L. O. 

Tobacco Research Station of the National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of NAAS",4 Internatsionalna St., Uman, Cherkasy region,  Ukraine, 20300

Topicality. The development and introduction into production of new adaptive cultivation technologies, considering the genotype of the variety, are essential for the effective utilization of the biological potential of bean varieties in Forest Steppe of Ukraine. In order to significantly improve productivity of common bean and increase grain production, a comprehensive study of agrobiological characteristics and bean cultivation technology is required. Purpose. Investigation of the influence of sowing methods and sowing density on the formation of common bean productivity under climate change in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field (laying out experiments, phenological observations and records), laboratory (determining protein content), measuring and weighing (determining yield structure elements), statistical (mathematical processing of research results). Results. It was established that the highest grain yield of common bean in the agroclimatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe was obtained in all experimental variants with wide-row sowing (on average 3.22 t/ha in Mavka variety and 2.98 t/ha in Panna variety), while in the conventional row sowing it was 2.25 and 2.13 t/ha, respectively. Also, the highest grain yield of common beans was obtained with wide-row sowing method at a plant density of 450 thsd pcs/ha (Mavka variety – 3.29 t/ha, Panna variety – 3.11 t/ha), with the conventional sowing method at a plant density of 750 thsd pcs/ha (2.38 and 2.20 t/ha, respectively). The highest protein content was observed in the wide-row sowing method at a plant density of 350 thsd pcs/ha (22.21 % in Mavka variety, 20.42 % in Panna variety). Conclusions. Sowing methods and plant density significantly influenced all productivity elements of common bean, except for the absolute seed weight. This indicator is largely determined by the variety genotype. Higher productivity of common bean was observed with a wide-row sowing method. The highest yield was in the variant with a plant density of 450 thsd pcs/ha, the highest protein content in the grain was at a plant density of 350 thsd pcs/ha.

Key words: common bean, sowing method, plant density, productivity, yield, protein content

UDC 631.582       https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0294

Grain Crops. 2023.7 (2). 328–334

Yashchuk T.S., Samets N.P., Shubala, Sydoruk H.P. 

Ternopil State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS  of Ukraine, 12 Troleibusna St., Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine

Topicality. In recent decades, maize and sunflower have become strategic crops in the agrarian business of Ukraine, contributing to the country's foreign exchange earnings and providing the lion's share of profits to agricultural producers. Modern maize hybrids have a significant genetic potential to produce high yields, but they need to create appropriate conditions for plant growth and development. To achieve this goal, measures should be applied to optimize the conditions for growing maize at all stages of organogenesis. In the context of climate change towards warming, such an technological element as sowing date is becoming increasingly important. A direct correlation between the degree of plant development and sowing date has been established. Purpose. To investigate and identify the most effective elements of maize cultivation technology in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted in the fields of breeding crop rotation of the Ternopil State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS of Ukraine after winter wheat (on the background of N₆₀Р₃₀K₃₀) according to generally accepted technology. Results. The basis of the development is the study of optimal sowing dates of maize hybrids for grain of different maturity groups. For this purpose, sowing of the first date was carried out at a soil temperature of 8–10 °C at the depth of seed placement, the second date – at 10–12 °C, and the third date – at 12–14 °C. Research results show that for the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe, the most economically justified is the cultivation of the early-ripening hybrid DN Khortytsia, when the soil temperature reaches up to 10–12 °C. Considering the conditions of growing four maize hybrids for grain of different maturity groups, as well as different sowing dates, the highest grain yield (10.1 t/ha) and economic efficiency (147.7 % profitability) were obtained when growing the hybrid DN Khortytsia. Conclusions. The research results showed that sowing maize hybrids for grain of different maturity groups at the optimum date solves such problems as the rational nutrient and soil moisture utilisation, weed and pest control, improvement of physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency of fertiliser and machinery application, and cheapening of agricultural products.

Key words: maize hybrids for grain, elements of cultivation technology, soil temperature, crop structure, productivity, economic efficiency

UDC 631.445.4         https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0295

Grain Crops 2023. 7(2). 335–342

Kramarov  S. M. ¹, Bandura L. P.¹, Zaitseva І. O.¹,  Kramarov О. S.²  

¹Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, 25 Serhii Yefremoa St., Dnipro, 49009, Ukraine

²State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine, 14 Volodymyr  Vernadskyi  St., Dnipro, 49009, Ukraine

Topicality. This study is relevant due to the need to address the problem of intensifying the negative impact of intensive agricultural activities on the zonal soil subtype of ordinary chernozem. In the northern sub-zone of the Steppe of Ukraine, the ordinary chernozem undergoes significant changes in all agrochemical parameters, especially in its humus content, due to the long-term impact of anthropogenic factors. Purpose. The research is aimed at generalising the research on the historical development of chernozems, assessing changes in the humus content of ordinary chernozem under the long-term influence of anthropogenic factors, comparing its content in the soil with virgin plots, and developing scientific recommendations for agrochemical methods of preserving soil fertility and stopping the loss of humus. Material and Methods. Long-term studies were conducted at the main experimental facilities of the SE Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine - Erastivska Research Station and the Educational and Research Centre of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. Analytical studies of the selected soil samples were carried out according to standardised methods at the Dnipro branch of the Soil Protection Institute of Ukraine. Studies to determine soil quality and organic matter content were carried out in accordance with DSTU 4289:2004. Results. The studies have convincingly shown that the most significant changes in humus content were observed in the 0–5 cm layer – 8.25 % on virgin soil and 4.2 % on arable land, i.e. the difference between them was 4.05 %. The virgin soil significantly exceeded the arable land in terms of humus content up to a depth of 0–60 cm, and only from a depth of 60–65 cm and deeper did the humus content of the arable land begin to exceed the virgin soil. The increase in humus content from a depth of 60 cm on arable land is explained by the formation of labile humus, which migrated to the lower subsoil layer together with precipitation. Conclusions. The results of the research have shown that long-term ploughing of chernozem soils and their intensive use in agricultural production not only leads to the development of dehumification processes, but also contributes to alkalinisation of the arable layer of soil as a result of the rise and concentration of calcium and magnesium hydrocarbons in soil. Forecasts of the humus balance indicate that to fully compensate for its losses from mineralisation in the current structure of agricultural areas in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, it is necessary to apply annually semi-rotted manure at a rate of 8.0 t/ha.

Key words: dehumification, humus, nutrient migration, humus balance, virgin soil, arable soil

UDC 631.582    https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0296

Grain Crops. 2023. 7 (2). 343–349

Tsymbal Ya. S., Martyniuk I. V., Ptashnik M. M., Shliakhturov D. S., Oksymets O. L. 

National Scientific Centre "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine", 2B Mashynobudivnykiv St., Chabany village, Fastiv district, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine

Topicality. In the context of the economic and environmental crisis, efficient utilisation of land resources, optimisation of the structure of agricultural areas in all natural and climatic zones, considering the particular characteristics of each region, and environmental conservation are important factors for sustainable development of agricultural production. Crop rotations should be dynamic, combined and intensive, and their implementation should always be based on scientific justification. Purpose. To determine the influence of the structure, set and arrangement of field crops in various crop rotations on the total productivity, yield and seed quality of soybeans. Methods. The research was conducted in the subzone of unstable moistening of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozem at the Panfyly Research Station of the National Research Centre "Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS of Ukraine". Soybeans were grown in
6-8-field crop rotations under an organic-mineral fertilisation system to study the influence of predecessors on productivity, yield and seed quality. The crop cultivation technology in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research zone. Methods used: long-term field, laboratory-field, laboratory (chemical, physicochemical), mathematical and statistical. Results. The long-term stationary field experiment on the study of crop rotations, which was established in 2001, convincingly proves that 6–8-field crop rotations with proportion of soybeans from 12.5 to 16.7 % were highly effective in this zone over 2016–2020. The soybean seed yield, which was grown after buckwheat, winter and spring wheat as predecessors and the corresponding crop set in crop rotations, was in the range of 2.92–3.47 t/ha with oil content in seeds of 20.7–21.5 %. The economic efficiency of soybean cultivation in the structure of various crop rotations was as follows: net operating profit – 12.55–16.76 thsd UAH/ha at a level of profitability – 116–152 %. Conclusions. It was found that the most productive in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe zone was a 6-field crop rotation with proportion of soybean of up to 16.7 % (soybean – winter wheat – sugar beet – spring barley – maize for grain – buckwheat) under the organic-mineral fertilisation system (by-products of the predecessor + N₀P₄₀K₄₀). The yield per 1 ha of arable land was 4.79 t of fodder units and 1.01 t of digestible protein at a net operating profit of 16.76 thsd UAH/ha and a profitability of 152 %.

Key words: crop, crop rotation, yield, fodderunits, crude protein, oil content, profitability, net operating profit

UDC 631.618:631.48                 https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0297

GrainCrops. 2023. 7(2). 350–357

 О. O. Mytsyk, O. O. Havriushenko, S. M. Shevchenko, O. І. Hulenko

Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, 25 Serhii Yefremov St., Dnipro, 49009, Ukraine

Topicality. In Ukraine, reclaiming the vast areas of mined lands is critical for improving the environment, human health, and agricultural production. Land reclamation is particularly relevant due to large-scale manganese mining in the Nikopol district of Dnipropetrovsk region. Purpose. Our research is aimed to create land use technologies that maximize soil fertility and agricultural productivity while minimizing the time, cost and negative environmental effects of the remediation. Methods. The experiment was placed on loess-like red-brown loam (quaternary). The species mixture included Onobrychis arena-ria (Kit.) DC, Medicago sativa L., Melilotus albus Medik., Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. et Schult.,  Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub. Avena sativa with Vicia sativa were the cover crops of this species mixture. Results. A legume-grass mixture used for hay or forage is the most appropriate transition to profitable field-crop production on the bare, drastically disturbed soil that remains after mining operations. The most appropriate composition (in mln. seed per hectare) of legume-grass mixture during sowing included about 1.8 mln. seeds/ha of Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC, Medicago sativa L. and Melilotus albus Medik., 0.6 mln. seeds/ha of Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. et Schult. and 0.5 mln. seeds/ha of Bromopsis inermis  (Leyss.) Holub.  This system produced high quality hay yields of 2.4 to 4.9 t/ha even without topsoil replacement. The percentage of harvested legume biomass decreased from 85 to 5 %, humus content – from the initial 0.32 % to 1.52 % at 0–5 cm, and to 1.24 % at 0–20 cm, depending on cultivation variants and the time period after planting. It was found that macronutrient content  increased by 2.4–4 times. Bulk density of substrate at depth of 0–40 cm varied from 1.24–1.33 g/cm³. Conclusion. In the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, it was found that the long-term (over 50 years) intensive phytoremediation, primarily with perennial legume-grass agrocenosis, contributed to increasing the nutrient content of technosols and optimising their physical and biological properties.

Key words: land reclamation, mining overburden, phytoremediation, young soils, legume-grass mixtures, loess-like loam, red-brown and grey-green clays¸ chernozem